A Narrative Review of Alzheimer's Disease Stigma.

As the most common form of senile dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is accompanied by a great deal of uncertainty which can lead to fear and stigma for those identified with this devastating disease. As the AD definition evolves from a syndromal to a biological construct, and early diagnoses becomes more commonplace, more confusion and stigma may result. We conducted a narrative review of the literature on AD stigma to consolidate information on this body of research.

Exposure of CuO Nanoparticles Contributes to Cellular Apoptosis, Redox Stress, and Alzheimer's Aβ Amyloidosis.

FeO, CuO and ZnO nanoparticles (NP) have found various industrial and biomedical applications. However, there are growing concerns among the general public and regulators about their potential environmental and health impacts as their physio-chemical interaction with biological systems and toxic responses of the latter are complex and not well understood. Herein we first reported that human SH-SY5Y and H4 cells and rat PC12 cell lines displayed concentration-dependent neurotoxic responses to insults of CuO nanoparticles (CuONP), but not to FeO nanoparticles (FeONP) or ZnO nanoparticles (ZnONP).

A Novel Dual Fluorochrome Near-Infrared Imaging Probe for Potential Alzheimer's Enzyme Biomarkers-BACE1 and Cathepsin D.

A molecular imaging probe to fluorescently image the β-site of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and cathepsin D (CatD) enzymes associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) was designed and synthesized. This imaging probe was built upon iron oxide nanoparticles (cross-linked dextran iron oxide nanoparticles, or CLIO). Peptide substrates containing a terminal near-infrared fluorochrome (fluorophore emitting at 775 nm for CatD or fluorophore emitting at 669 nm for BACE1) were conjugated to the CLIO nanoparticles.

Nanoneurotoxicity and Potential Nanotheranostics for Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of senile dementia and it is characterized by cognitive, motor and memory impairments. AD neuropathology includes toxic biomarkers, such as Aβ amyloid protein buildup between neurons disrupting connections, tau protein fibrillization and neuronal demise. These biomarkers are exacerbated with exposure to environmental borne or man-made nanoparticles or engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) as these nanoparticles are becoming more widely adopted for industrial applications.