Deeply Integrated GNSS/Gyro Attitude Determination System.

Attitude determination systems based on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) work on principle of phase interferometer, using multiple receiving antennas. They rely on a good quality of carrier phase tracking, that is not the case in real dynamic environment with low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), for example, in a ground vehicle moving through an urban area or forest. There is still a problem in providing a GNSS attitude in such common conditions.

Simplified microarray system for simultaneously detecting rifampin, isoniazid, ethambutol, and streptomycin resistance markers in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

We developed a simplified microarray test for detecting and identifying mutations in rpoB, katG, inhA, embB, and rpsL and compared the analytical performance of the test to that of phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST). The analytical sensitivity was estimated to be at least 110 genome copies per amplification reaction. The microarray test correctly detected 95.

Integrated amplification microarray system in a lateral flow cell for warfarin genotyping from saliva.

Background: Genetic polymorphisms in the CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genes have been linked to sensitivity of the anticoagulant drug warfarin. The aim of this study is to demonstrate a method for warfarin sensitivity genotyping using gel element microarray technology in a simplified workflow from sample collection to analysis and detection.

Methods: We developed an integrated amplification microarray system combining PCR amplification, target labeling, and microarray hybridization within a single, closed-amplicon "lateral flow cell" for genotyping three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that influence warfarin response.

Development of a simple, low-density array to detect methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and mecA dropouts in nasal swabs.

Detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is important for prevention and control of MRSA infections, but the discovery of mecA dropouts and SCCmec junction sequences with homology to coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) has challenged several real-time PCR tests. The objective of this study was to develop a user-friendly, gel element microarray test for MRSA detection, to estimate the analytical performance characteristics of the test on bacterial isolates, and to perform an initial evaluation of the test on nasopharyngeal swabs from patients known to have a high prevalence of S. aureus containing mecA dropouts.

Nonvolatile copolymer compositions for fabricating gel element microarrays.

By modifying polymer compositions and cross-linking reagents, we have developed a simple yet effective manufacturing strategy for copolymerized three-dimensional gel element arrays. A new gel-forming monomer, 2-(hydroxyethyl) methacrylamide (HEMAA), was used. HEMAA possesses low volatility and improves the stability of copolymerized gel element arrays to on-chip thermal cycling procedures relative to previously used monomers.

Radioisotopic, culture-based, and oligonucleotide microchip analyses of thermophilic microbial communities in a continental high-temperature petroleum reservoir.

Activity measurements by radioisotopic methods and cultural and molecular approaches were used in parallel to investigate the microbial biodiversity and its physiological potential in formation waters of the Samotlor high-temperature oil reservoir (Western Siberia, Russia). Sulfate reduction with rates not exceeding 20 nmol of H(2)S liter(-1) day(-1) occurred at 60 and 80 degrees C. In upper horizons (AB, A, and B), methanogenesis (lithotrophic and/or acetoclastic) was detected only in wells in which sulfate reduction did not occur.

Fluorescence data analysis on gel-based biochips.

A series of biochip readers developed for gel-based biochips includes three imaging models and a novel nonimaging biochip scanner. The imaging readers, ranging from a research-grade versatile reader to a simple portable one, use wide-field objectives and 12-bit digital large-coupled device cameras for parallel addressing of multiple array elements. This feature is valuable for monitoring the kinetics of sample interaction with immobilized probes.