Surviving Sepsis Campaign: Guidelines on the Management of Critically Ill Adults with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Background: The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of a rapidly spreading illness, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), affecting thousands of people around the world. Urgent guidance for clinicians caring for the sickest of these patients is needed.

Methods: We formed a panel of 36 experts from 12 countries.

Surviving Sepsis Campaign: guidelines on the management of critically ill adults with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Background: The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of a rapidly spreading illness, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), affecting thousands of people around the world. Urgent guidance for clinicians caring for the sickest of these patients is needed.

Methods: We formed a panel of 36 experts from 12 countries.

Pediatric donor management to optimize donor heart utilization.

Optimal management of pediatric cardiac donors is essential in order to maximize donor heart utilization and minimize the rate of discarded organs. This review was performed after a systematic literature review and gives a detailed overview on current practices and guidelines. The review focuses on optimal monitoring of pediatric donors, donor workup, hormonal replacement, and obliterating the adverse effects of brain death.

Corticosteroids for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.

Introduction: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a rapidly progressing, inflammatory lung disease with a high mortality rate and no specific pharmacological treatment available.

Objectives: We conducted a systematic review and meta‑analysis on corticosteroid use in ARDS.

Methods: We searched 4 medical literature databases and retained randomized controlled trials on the use of corticosteroids in hospitalized adults with ARDS, which could be found there until February 2020.

ISHLT consensus statement on donor organ acceptability and management in pediatric heart transplantation.

The number of potential pediatric heart transplant recipients continues to exceed the number of donors, and consequently the waitlist mortality remains significant. Despite this, around 40% of all donated organs are not used and are discarded. This document (62 authors from 53 institutions in 17 countries) evaluates factors responsible for discarding donor hearts and makes recommendations regarding donor heart acceptance.

Cellular senescence: from anti-cancer weapon to anti-aging target.

Cellular senescence (CS) is a state of stable cell cycle arrest characterized by the production and secretion of inflammatory molecules. Early studies described oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) as a barrier to tumorigenesis, such that the therapeutic induction of CS might represent a rational anti-cancer strategy. Indeed, the validity of this approach has been borne out by the development and approval of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor palbociclib for the treatment of breast cancer.

Comparing the impact of future cropland expansion on global biodiversity and carbon storage across models and scenarios.

Land-use change is a direct driver of biodiversity and carbon storage loss. Projections of future land use often include notable expansion of cropland areas in response to changes in climate and food demand, although there are large uncertainties in results between models and scenarios. This study examines these uncertainties by comparing three different socio-economic scenarios (SSP1-3) across three models (IMAGE, GLOBIOM and PLUMv2).

The local inflammatory response in colorectal cancer - Type, location or density? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: The host anti-tumour inflammatory response is a strong prognostic indicator, and tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are believed to have a complimentary role alongside TNM assessment in dictating future management. However, there is wide disagreement regarding the most efficacious and cost-effective method of assessment.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed of EMBASE, MedLine and PubMed as well as an assessment of references to identify all relevant studies relating to the assessment of the peri-tumoural inflammatory response or TILs and prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC).

Stickler Syndrome: Airway Complications in a Case Series of 502 Patients.

Background: Patients with Stickler syndrome often require emergency surgery and are often anesthetized in nonspecialist units, typically for retinal detachment repair. Despite the occurrence of cleft palate and Pierre-Robin sequence, there is little published literature on airway complications. Our aim was to describe anesthetic practice and complications in a nonselected series of Stickler syndrome cases.

Modeling appendicular skeletal cartilage development with modified high-density micromass cultures of adult human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells.

Background: Animal cell-based systems have been critical tools in understanding tissue development and physiology, but they are less successful in more practical tasks, such as predicting human toxicity to pharmacological or environmental factors, in which the congruence between in vitro and clinical outcomes lies on average between 50 and 60%. Emblematic of this problem is the high-density micromass culture of embryonic limb bud mesenchymal cells, derived from chick, mouse, or rat. While estimated predictive value of this model system in toxicological studies is relatively high, important failures prevent its use by international regulatory agencies for toxicity testing and policy development.

The genomic landscape of nonsmall cell lung carcinoma in never smokers.

Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer-related death worldwide with cigarette smoking as its major risk factor. Although the incidence of lung cancer in never smokers is rising, this subgroup of patients is underrepresented in genomic studies of lung cancer. Here, we assembled a prospective cohort of 46 never-smoking, nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and performed whole-exome and low-coverage whole-genome sequencing on tumors and matched germline DNA.

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support After Heart Transplantation in Children-Outcomes of a Single Center Cohort.

Objectives: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is used for postcardiotomy low cardiac output but is less established following heart transplantation. We characterized outcomes for children supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation after heart transplantation.

Design: Single-center retrospective study.

Point-of-Care Procedure for Enhancement of Meniscal Healing in a Goat Model Utilizing Infrapatellar Fat Pad-Derived Stromal Vascular Fraction Cells Seeded in Photocrosslinkable Hydrogel.

Background: Large radial tears of the meniscus involving the avascular region can compromise meniscal function and result in poor healing and subsequent osteochondral degeneration. Augmentation of surgical repairs with adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF), which contains mesenchymal stromal cells, may improve meniscal healing and preserve function (ie, chondroprotection).

Purposes: (1) To develop a goat model of a radial meniscal tear with resulting osteoarthritis and (2) to explore the efficacy of a 1-step procedure utilizing infrapatellar fat pad-derived SVF cells seeded in a photocrosslinkable hydrogel to enhance meniscal healing and mitigate osteochondral degeneration.

The Relationship Between Tumor Budding, Tumor Microenvironment, and Survival in Patients with Primary Operable Colorectal Cancer.

Background: Tumor budding is an independent prognostic factor in colorectal cancer (CRC) and has recently been well-defined by the International Tumour Budding Consensus Conference (ITBCC).

Objective: The aim of the present study was to use the ITBCC budding evaluation method to examine the relationship between tumor budding, tumor factors, tumor microenvironment, and survival in patients with primary operable CRC.

Methods: Hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides of 952 CRC patients diagnosed between 1997 and 2007 were evaluated for tumor budding according to the ITBCC criteria.

Mortality and Factors Associated With Hemorrhage During Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

Objectives: To quantify and identify factors associated with bleeding events during pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Design: Retrospective cohort study with primary outcome of bleeding days on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Setting: Single tertiary care children's hospital.

Outcomes of Infants Supported With Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Using Centrifugal Versus Roller Pumps: An Analysis From the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry.

Objectives: To determine whether mortality differs between roller and centrifugal pumps used during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in infants weighing less than 10 kg.

Design: Retrospective propensity-matched cohort study.

Setting: All extracorporeal membrane oxygenation centers reporting to the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization.

Pediatric Hemoptysis without Bronchiectasis or Cardiac Disease: Etiology, Recurrence, and Mortality.

Objectives: To describe the etiologies of hemoptysis in patients without pre-existing bronchiectasis or cardiac disease; to assess odds of recurrent hemoptysis by diagnostic category; and to assess odds of mortality by diagnostic category.

Study Design: This retrospective case series included all patients with hemoptysis documented during an admission to Boston Children's Hospital from January 1, 2007 to June 1, 2017. Patients with bronchiectasis, congenital heart disease, primary pulmonary hypertension, bleeding above the glottis, hemoptysis before 38 weeks of corrected gestational age, hematemesis, foreign body, and trauma were excluded.

Structured review of post-cardiotomy extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: part 1-Adult patients.

Cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest, acute respiratory failure, or a combination of such events, are all potential complications after cardiac surgery which lead to high mortality. Use of extracorporeal temporary cardio-circulatory and respiratory support for progressive clinical deterioration can facilitate bridging the patient to recovery or to more durable support. Over the last decade, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has emerged as the preferred temporary artificial support system in such circumstances.

Muscle injury promotes heterotopic ossification by stimulating local bone morphogenetic protein-7 production.

Background: Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a pathological condition of abnormal bone formation in soft tissue, which causes pain and restricted range of motion in patients. There are two broad categories of HO, hereditary and acquired. Although different types of HO do not use identical mechanistic pathways of pathogenesis, muscle injury appears to be a unifying feature for all types of HO.