Edmonton Classification System for Cancer Pain: Comparison of Pain Classification Features and Pain Intensity across Diverse Palliative Care Settings in Canada.

The goal of the Edmonton Classification System for Cancer Pain (ECS-CP) is to create an international classification system for cancer pain. Previous studies reinforce the need for standardized training to ensure consistency across assessors. There is no universally accepted classification for neuropathic pain.

Atrial septal defect closure in the elderly is associated with excellent quality of life, functional improvement, and ventricular remodelling.

Background: While atrial septal defect (ASD) closure is known to improve morbidity and mortality in children and adults, data are only beginning to emerge about its role in elderly cohorts. The goals of this study were to compare outcomes after device or surgical closure of ASDs in the elderly, and to quantitatively assess quality of life.

Methods: Patients>60 years old who underwent ASD repair were studied.