Medulloblastoma in adults - reviewing the literature from a surgeon's point of view.

Medulloblastoma is a common primary brain tumor in children but it is a rare cancer in adult patients. We reviewed the literature, searching PubMed for articles on this rare tumor entity, with a focus on tumor biology, advanced neurosurgical opportunities for safe tumor resection, and multimodal treatment options. Adult medulloblastoma occurs at a rate of 0.

Refractory plasmablastic lymphoma-a review of treatment options beyond standard therapy.

Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a rare distinct subtype of aggressive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and a notoriously hard to treat entity with a dismal prognosis in both HIV-negative and HIV-positive patients. Clinicians often face the question of second or third line treatment. As the treatment options with novel agents in lymphomas are rapidly evolving, more and more options beyond standard chemotherapy are available.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with a hematological malignancy: review of therapeutic options.

In the context of 2 patients with hematological malignancy who developed progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), we review the current therapeutic options for this serious complication. Both patients had lymphoma and had been pretreated with the antibody rituximab. Diagnosis of PML was obtained upon the detection of the JC virus.