TLR2 and NODs1 and 2 cooperate in inflammatory responses associated with renal ischemia reperfusion injury.

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are potent triggers of tissue injury following renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). Specific PRRs, such as the toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs) NOD1 and NOD2 are promising targets to abrogate inflammatory injury associated with renal IRI. Several recent reports have shown there is crosstalk between TLRs and NODs, which might boost inflammatory responses to tissue injury.

Expression of TLR2, NOD1, and NOD2 and the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells of Male versus Female Mice.

Background: Gender-biased outcomes are associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) and human and animal studies have shown that females are preferentially protected from renal ischemia. However, the reason for this is not known. One clue might lie with pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which are triggers of ischemic injury when ligated by molecules in the ischemic milieu.