Mechanisms for Imparting Conductivity to Nonconductive Polymeric Biomaterials.

Traditionally, conductive materials for electrodes are based on high modulus metals or alloys. Development of bioelectrodes that mimic the mechanical properties of the soft, low modulus tissues in which they are implanted is a rapidly expanding field of research. Many polymers exist that more closely match tissue mechanics than metals; however, the majority do not conduct charge.