Publications by authors named "Alexander J Norman"
During the second half of 2020, many European governments responded to the resurging transmission of SARS-CoV-2 with wide-ranging non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). These efforts were often highly targeted at the regional level and included fine-grained NPIs. This paper describes a new dataset designed for the accurate recording of NPIs in Europe's second wave to allow precise modelling of NPI effectiveness.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEuropean governments use non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to control resurging waves of COVID-19. However, they only have outdated estimates for how effective individual NPIs were in the first wave. We estimate the effectiveness of 17 NPIs in Europe's second wave from subnational case and death data by introducing a flexible hierarchical Bayesian transmission model and collecting the largest dataset of NPI implementation dates across Europe.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- * The study analyzed data from various European and non-European countries from January to May 2020 to evaluate the impact of different NPIs on virus transmission.
- * Key findings showed that closing educational institutions, limiting gatherings to 10 people or less, and shutting down face-to-face businesses significantly reduced transmission, while stay-at-home orders had a smaller effect.
Human challenge trials (HCTs) have been proposed as a means to accelerate SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development. We identify and discuss 3 potential use cases of HCTs in the current pandemic: evaluating efficacy, converging on correlates of protection, and improving understanding of pathogenesis and the human immune response. We outline the limitations of HCTs and find that HCTs are likely to be most useful for vaccine candidates currently in preclinical stages of development.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF