Minimally-invasive surgery in the management of symptomatic parotid stones.

Traditionally, large, symptomatic, parotid stones that were refractory to conservative treatment were usually managed by parotidectomy, with the attendant risk to the facial nerve. Microendoscopes have transformed the management of such stones. For large stones that are not amenable to retrieval with a basket the endoscope provides a new dimension to operative surgery.

Concurrent bilateral total temporomandibular joint replacement surgery and conventional maxillary osteotomy utilizing virtual surgical planning web-based technology.

Introduction: We describe the case of a 31-year-old lady who presented in 1999 with significant temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction following a previous vertical subsigmoid osteotomy. The previous surgery had displaced both condyles from their glenoid fossae, and a persistent malocclusion resulted. Despite initial conservative management, both condyles remained out of their fossae and she re-presented 10 years later.

An unusual clinical course in a thoracic dural arterio venous fistula.

This case report highlights an acute deterioration in a previously myelopathic patient who had an almost instantaneous post-operative improvement. It also highlights an unchanged MRI appearance after acute neurological deterioration. The classification of spinal arteriovenous malformations, pathology and clinical presentation, and clinical course post-treatment are also reviewed.

Peripheral arterial disease.

Peripheral arterial disease is commonly caused by atherosclerosis, and symptoms depend on the location and size of the affected artery, metabolic demands on the tissue, and the presence or absence of a collateral circulation. This article reviews the current evidence for the diagnosis and management of peripheral arterial disease.

A method of controlled closure: the use of Ligaclips in the delayed primary closure of flaps.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSES OF THE STUDY: Achieving primary closure of a flap may not always be possible initially. Current controlled closure techniques exert uniform pressure across a wound, which is unsuitable for a flap, as it can induce ischaemia in vulnerable areas. Using Ligaclips (Ethicon Inc.