Association between multimorbidity and quality of life after hip replacement surgery: analysis of routinely collected patient-reported outcomes.

Background: Total hip replacement surgery is performed to improve quality of life (QoL). We explored the association between multimorbidity and change in QoL after total hip replacement.

Methods: Analysis of patients included in the NHS England hip replacement Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) database with complete preoperative from 3 to 6 months postoperative EQ-5D QoL data from April 2013 to March 2018.

The lifetime risk of surgery in England: a nationwide observational cohort study.

Background: The average number of times a person will have surgery in their lifetime, and the amount of surgical healthcare resources they use, is unknown. Lifetime risk is a measure of the risk of an average person having a specific event within their lifetime. We report the lifetime risk of surgery and the change observed during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Hypoxemia Trajectory of Non-COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Patients. An Observational Study Focusing on Hypoxemia Resolver Status.

Importance: Most studies on acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) group patients by severity based on their initial degree of hypoxemia. However, this grouping has limitations, including inconsistent hypoxemia trajectories and outcomes.

Objectives: This study explores the benefits of grouping patients by resolver status based on their hypoxemia progression over the first 7 days.

Long-term healthcare use after postoperative complications: an analysis of linked primary and secondary care routine data.

Background: Postoperative complications are associated with reduced long-term survival. We characterise healthcare use changes after sentinel postoperative complications.

Methods: We linked primary and secondary care records of patients undergoing elective surgery at four East London hospitals (2012-7) with at least 90 days follow-up.

Long-term disease interactions amongst surgical patients: a population cohort study.

Background: The average age of the surgical population continues to increase, as does prevalence of long-term diseases. However, outcomes amongst multi-morbid surgical patients are not well described.

Methods: We included adults undergoing non-obstetric surgical procedures in the English National Health Service between January 2010 and December 2015.

Can pioglitazone be used for optimization of nutrition in critical illness? A systematic review.

Background: Skeletal muscle wasting is a determinant of physical disability in survivors of critical illness. Intramuscular bioenergetic failure, altered substrate metabolim, and inflammation are likely underpinning mechanisms. We examined the effect of pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonist, on muscle-related outcomes in adults.

Change in healthcare utilisation after surgical treatment: observational study of routinely collected patient data from primary and secondary care.

Background: Most patients fully recover after surgery. However, high-risk patients may experience an increased burden of medical disease.

Methods: We performed a prospectively planned analysis of linked routine primary and secondary care data describing adult patients undergoing non-obstetric surgery at four hospitals in East London between January 2012 and January 2017.

Surgery in older patients: learning from shared decision-making in intensive care.

An increasing number of older patients are having surgical treatments. Similar to older patients admitted to intensive care, they present with additional problems including multimorbidity, frailty, and cognitive impairment. In both intensive care and surgical settings, comprehensive assessment can inform targeted interventions and shared decision-making.

Long-term mortality following complications after elective surgery: a secondary analysis of pooled data from two prospective cohort studies.

Background: Complications after surgery affect survival and quality of life. We aimed to confirm the relationship between postoperative complications and death within 1 yr after surgery.

Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of pooled data from two prospective cohort studies of patients undergoing surgery in five high-income countries between 2012 and 2014.

Liberal or restrictive antimicrobial prophylaxis for surgical site infection: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials.

Background: Antimicrobial prophylaxis is widely used to prevent surgical site infection. Amid growing concern about antimicrobial resistance, we determined the effectiveness of antimicrobial prophylaxis.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and WHO-ICTRP between January 1, 1990 and January 1, 2020 for trials randomising adults undergoing surgery to liberal (more doses) or restrictive (fewer or no doses) perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis.

Catabolism in Critical Illness: A Reanalysis of the REducing Deaths due to OXidative Stress (REDOXS) Trial.

Objectives: Ongoing risk of death and poor functional outcomes are important consequences of prolonged critical illness. Characterizing the catabolic phenotype of prolonged critical illness could illuminate biological processes and inform strategies to attenuate catabolism. We aimed to examine if urea-to-creatinine ratio, a catabolic signature of prolonged critical illness, was associated with mortality after the first week of ICU stay.

Death after surgery among patients with chronic disease: prospective study of routinely collected data in the English NHS.

Background: Five million surgeries take place in the NHS each year. Little is known about the prevalence of chronic diseases among these patients, and the association with postoperative outcomes.

Methods: Analysis of routine data from all NHS hospitals in England including patients aged ≥18 yr undergoing non-obstetric surgery between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2015.

Routine postoperative noninvasive respiratory support and pneumonia after elective surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials.

Background: Postoperative pulmonary complications, including pneumonia, are a substantial cause of morbidity. We hypothesised that routine noninvasive respiratory support was associated with a lower incidence of pneumonia after surgery.

Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs comparing the routine use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), noninvasive ventilation (NIV), or high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) against standard postoperative care in the adult population.

Socioeconomic deprivation and long-term outcomes after elective surgery: analysis of prospective data from two observational studies.

Background: Socioeconomic deprivation is associated with health inequalities. We explored relationships between socioeconomic group and outcomes after elective surgery in the UK National Health Service (NHS).

Methods: We combined data from two observational studies in 115 NHS hospitals and determined socioeconomic group using the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) quintiles based on place of residence.

Analysis of the first 2645 registrations at the research registry: A global repository for all study types involving human participants.

Background: The Declaration of Helsinki has called for the registration of all research studies involving human participants. Despite this, prior registries did not allow registration certain study types, or retrospective registration. The Research Registry (www.

The PROCESS 2018 statement: Updating Consensus Preferred Reporting Of CasE Series in Surgery (PROCESS) guidelines.

Introduction: The PROCESS guidelines were published in 2016 to provide a structure for reporting surgical case series. The PROCESS guidelines have since been widely endorsed by a number of journals. The requirement to report compliance with each item outlined in the PROCESS statement has improved the reporting transparency of case series across a number of surgical specialties.

The SCARE 2018 statement: Updating consensus Surgical CAse REport (SCARE) guidelines.

Introduction: The SCARE Guidelines were published in 2016 to provide a structure for reporting surgical case reports. Since their publication, SCARE guidelines have been widely endorsed by authors, journal editors, and reviewers, and have helped to improve reporting transparency of case reports across a range of surgical specialties. In order to encourage further progress in reporting quality, the SCARE guidelines must themselves be kept up to date.

How to organize a medical elective.

The medical elective is often considered a major highlight of the medical school experience. However, organizing an elective can be a daunting experience. From selecting a destination, to securing bursaries, the road is fraught with uncertainty.

Describing the first 2000 registrations to the Research Registry®: A study protocol.

Background: In 2013, the Declaration of Helsinki was updated and required the registration of all research studies involving human participants. Prior registries focussed on the registration of clinical trials and systematic reviews, and we estimate that only 10% of observational research is registered in a publically accessible registry. The Research Registry® was established to provide a venue of registration for any study, prospectively or retrospectively, involving human participants.

Support for reporting guidelines in surgical journals needs improvement: A systematic review.

Introduction: Evidence-based medicine works best if the evidence is reported well. Past studies have shown reporting quality to be lacking in the field of surgery. Reporting guidelines are an important tool for authors to optimize the reporting of their research.