A Systematic Review of Intravenous β-Hydroxybutyrate Use in Humans - A Promising Future Therapy?

Therapeutic ketosis is traditionally induced with dietary modification. However, owing to the time delay involved, this is not a practical approach for treatment of acute conditions such as traumatic brain injury. Intravenous administration of ketones would obviate this problem by rapidly inducing ketosis.

Abulia following penetrating brain injury during endoscopic sinus surgery with disruption of the anterior cingulate circuit: case report.

Background: It is common knowledge that the frontal lobes mediate complex human behavior and that damage to these regions can cause executive dysfunction, apathy, disinhibition and personality changes. However, it is less well known that subcortical structures such as the caudate and thalamus are part of functionally segregated fronto-subcortical circuits, that can also alter behavior after injury. CASE PRESENTATION We present a 57 year old woman who suffered penetrating brain injury during endoscopic sinus surgery causing right basal ganglia injury which resulted in an abulic syndrome.

Cardiopulmonary complications of brain injury.

Cardiac and pulmonary complications following acute neurologic injury are common and may be a cause of morbidity and mortality in this population. Examples include hypertension, arrhythmias, ventricular dysfunction, pulmonary edema, shock, and sudden death. Primary neurologic events are represented by stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, epilepsy, and encephalitis and have been frequently reported.