Tunable TiZrMoC Coatings: A Comprehensive Study of Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Wear Resistance.

TiZrMoC coatings were deposited on Si(100) substrates using a DC dual magnetron sputtering. The composition was controlled by adjusting the sputtering parameters of the TiZrMo and graphite targets. The influence of graphite target current on the resulting coating properties was explored.

Synthesis and Stability of High-Energy-Density Niobium Nitrides under High-Pressure Conditions.

High-energy-density materials (HEDMs) are crucial in various applications, from energy storage to defense technologies. Transition metal polynitrides are promising candidates for HEDMs. Using single-crystal synchrotron X-ray diffraction, we investigated the crystal structures of niobium nitride, specifically NbN and NbN, under high-pressure conditions of up to 86 GPa.

Imaging magnetic transition of magnetite to megabar pressures using quantum sensors in diamond anvil cell.

High-pressure diamond anvil cells have been widely used to create novel states of matter. Nevertheless, the lack of universal in-situ magnetic measurement techniques at megabar pressures makes it difficult to understand the underlying physics of materials' behavior at extreme conditions, such as high-temperature superconductivity of hydrides and the formation or destruction of the local magnetic moments in magnetic systems. Here, we break through the limitations of pressure on quantum sensors by modulating the uniaxial stress along the nitrogen-vacancy axis and develop the in-situ magnetic detection technique at megabar pressures with high sensitivity ( ) and sub-microscale spatial resolution.

Investigation of the Strain-Stress Field in Nanoscale Multilayer Systems by the Phase Plane Method.

This paper presents the results of the study of stress relaxation fields, deformation, and temperature of the system of nanostructured multilayer coatings. In the work, a nonlinear relationship between strain and stress was used to take into account nonlinear effects in the mechanism of nanostructure formation. The paper assumes that a friction surface is provided by the self-organization of shear components: both stress and strain on the one hand, and temperature on the other.

High-pressure Synthesis of Cobalt Polynitrides: Unveiling Intriguing Crystal Structures and Nitridation Behavior.

In this study, we conduct extensive high-pressure experiments to investigate phase stability in the cobalt-nitrogen system. Through a combination of synthesis in a laser-heated diamond anvil cell, first-principles calculations, Raman spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction, we establish the stability fields of known high-pressure phases, hexagonal NiAs-type CoN, and marcasite-type CoN within the pressure range of 50-90 GPa. We synthesize and characterize previously unknown nitrides, CoN, Pnma-CoN and two polynitrides, CoN and CoN, within the pressure range of 90-120 GPa.

Semi-analytical finite ray-tracing through the quadratic symmetric GRIN lens.

The propagation of light within a gradient index (GRIN) media can be analyzed with the use of differential equations for a given non-homogenous refractive index profile. Numerical methods are often necessary to perform ray-tracing in GRIN media; however, analytical solutions exist for several types of GRIN lenses. In this paper, paraxial and non-paraxial differential equations are derived to calculate the ray path in a GRIN lens.

Symplectic numerical methods in optics and imaging: ray tracing in spherical gradient-index lenses and computer-generated image rendering.

This paper provides an introduction to symplectic numerical integration techniques and examines various optical applications. We first outline the fundamentals of Hamiltonian optics and detail the construction of a symplectic method via the splitting technique. Numerical experiments involving a selection of spherically symmetric gradient-index lenses compare the accuracy of various first-, second-, and fourth-order symplectic methods with equivalent nonsymplectic methods.

Non-Fermi-Liquid Behavior of Superconducting SnH.

The chemical interaction of Sn with H by X-ray diffraction methods at pressures of 180-210 GPa is studied. A previously unknown tetrahydride SnH with a cubic structure (fcc) exhibiting superconducting properties below T  = 72 K is obtained; the formation of a high molecular C2/m-SnH superhydride and several lower hydrides, fcc SnH , and C2-Sn H , is also detected. The temperature dependence of critical current density J (T) in SnH yields the superconducting gap 2Δ(0) = 21.

A MHz X-ray diffraction set-up for dynamic compression experiments in the diamond anvil cell.

An experimental platform for dynamic diamond anvil cell (dDAC) research has been developed at the High Energy Density (HED) Instrument at the European X-ray Free Electron Laser (European XFEL). Advantage was taken of the high repetition rate of the European XFEL (up to 4.5 MHz) to collect pulse-resolved MHz X-ray diffraction data from samples as they are dynamically compressed at intermediate strain rates (≤10 s), where up to 352 diffraction images can be collected from a single pulse train.

Novel Class of Rhenium Borides Based on Hexagonal Boron Networks Interconnected by Short B Dumbbells.

Transition metal borides are known due to their attractive mechanical, electronic, refractive, and other properties. A new class of rhenium borides was identified by synchrotron single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments in laser-heated diamond anvil cells between 26 and 75 GPa. Recoverable to ambient conditions, compounds rhenium triboride (ReB) and rhenium tetraboride (ReB) consist of close-packed single layers of rhenium atoms alternating with boron networks built from puckered hexagonal layers, which link short bonded (∼1.

Stabilization of hexazine rings in potassium polynitride at high pressure.

Polynitrogen molecules are attractive for high-energy-density materials due to energy stored in nitrogen-nitrogen bonds; however, it remains challenging to find energy-efficient synthetic routes and stabilization mechanisms for these compounds. Direct synthesis from molecular dinitrogen requires overcoming large activation barriers and the reaction products are prone to inherent inhomogeneity. Here we report the synthesis of planar N hexazine dianions, stabilized in KN, from potassium azide (KN) on laser heating in a diamond anvil cell at pressures above 45 GPa.

Electronic Topological Transition as a Route to Improve Thermoelectric Performance in Bi Sb Te.

The electronic structure near the Fermi surface determines the electrical properties of the materials, which can be effectively tuned by external pressure. Bi Sb Te is a p-type thermoelectric material which holds the record high figure of merit at room temperature. Here it is examined whether the figure of merit of this model system can be further enhanced through some external parameter.

Aplanatic meniscus lens corrector for Ritchey-Chrétien telescopes.

An analytically designed aplanatic meniscus lens is proposed for increasing the field of view (FoV) of Ritchey-Chrétien (RC) telescopes. Compared to other field correctors, the proposed solution does not affect the initial RC telescope's aplanatic properties, and it can be added or removed from an existing RC telescope without changing the mirrors' shape. The final system features less astigmatism, which is balanced to flatten the image surface.

Ethane and methane at high pressures: Structure and stability.

We have performed a combined experimental and theoretical study of ethane and methane at high pressures of up to 120 GPa at 300 K using x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopies and the USPEX ab initio evolutionary structural search algorithm, respectively. For ethane, we have determined the crystallization point, for room temperature, at 2.7 GPa and also the low pressure crystal structure (phase A).

Laser heating system at the Extreme Conditions Beamline, P02.2, PETRA III.

A laser heating system for samples confined in diamond anvil cells paired with in situ X-ray diffraction measurements at the Extreme Conditions Beamline of PETRA III is presented. The system features two independent laser configurations (on-axis and off-axis of the X-ray path) allowing for a broad range of experiments using different designs of diamond anvil cells. The power of the continuous laser source can be modulated for use in various pulsed laser heating or flash heating applications.

Realization of an Ideal Cairo Tessellation in Nickel Diazenide NiN: High-Pressure Route to Pentagonal 2D Materials.

Most of the studied two-dimensional (2D) materials are based on highly symmetric hexagonal structural motifs. In contrast, lower-symmetry structures may have exciting anisotropic properties leading to various applications in nanoelectronics. In this work we report the synthesis of nickel diazenide NiN which possesses atomic-thick layers comprised of NiN pentagons forming Cairo-type tessellation.

Immiscibility in N-HO solids up to 140 GPa.

Nitrogen and water are very abundant in nature; however, the way they chemically react at extreme pressure-temperature conditions is unknown. Below 6 GPa, they have been reported to form clathrate compounds. Here, we present Raman spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction studies in the HO-N system at high pressures up to 140 GPa.

High-Pressure Synthesis of Dirac Materials: Layered van der Waals Bonded BeN_{4} Polymorph.

High-pressure chemistry is known to inspire the creation of unexpected new classes of compounds with exceptional properties. Here, we employ the laser-heated diamond anvil cell technique for synthesis of a Dirac material BeN_{4}. A triclinic phase of beryllium tetranitride tr-BeN_{4} was synthesized from elements at ∼85  GPa.

Stabilization of pentazolate anions in the high-pressure compounds NaN and NaN and in the sodium pentazolate framework NaN·N.

Synthesis and characterization of nitrogen-rich materials is important for the design of novel high energy density materials due to extremely energetic low-order nitrogen-nitrogen bonds. The balance between the energy output and stability may be achieved if polynitrogen units are stabilized by resonance as in cyclo-N5- pentazolate salts. Here we demonstrate the synthesis of three oxygen-free pentazolate salts Na2N5, NaN5 and NaN5·N2 from sodium azide NaN3 and molecular nitrogen N2 at ∼50 GPa.

X-ray Free Electron Laser-Induced Synthesis of ε-Iron Nitride at High Pressures.

The ultrafast synthesis of ε-FeN in a diamond-anvil cell (DAC) from Fe and N under pressure was observed using serial exposures of an X-ray free electron laser (XFEL). When the sample at 5 GPa was irradiated by a pulse train separated by 443 ns, the estimated sample temperature at the delay time was above 1400 K, confirmed by transformation of α- to γ-iron. Ultimately, the Fe and N reacted uniformly throughout the beam path to form FeN, as deduced from its established equation of state (EOS).

Stabilization of Polynitrogen Anions in Tantalum-Nitrogen Compounds at High Pressure.

The synthesis of polynitrogen compounds is of great importance due to their potential as high-energy-density materials (HEDM), but because of the intrinsic instability of these compounds, their synthesis and stabilization is a fundamental challenge. Polymeric nitrogen units which may be stabilized in compounds with metals at high pressure are now restricted to non-branched chains with an average N-N bond order of 1.25, limiting their HEDM performances.

Novel Hydrogen Clathrate Hydrate.

We report a new hydrogen clathrate hydrate synthesized at 1.2 GPa and 298 K documented by single-crystal x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and first-principles calculations. The oxygen sublattice of the new clathrate hydrate matches that of ice II, while hydrogen molecules are in the ring cavities, which results in the trigonal R3c or R3[over ¯]c space group (proton ordered or disordered, respectively) and the composition of (H_{2}O)_{6}H_{2}.

Dinitrogen as a Universal Electron Acceptor in Solid-State Chemistry: An Example of Uncommon Metallic Compounds Na(N) and NaN.

With the exception of lithium, alkali metals do not react with elemental nitrogen either at ambient conditions or at elevated temperatures, requiring the search for alternative synthetic routes to their nitrogen-containing compounds. Here using a controlled decomposition of sodium azide (NaN) at high pressure conditions, we synthesize two novel compounds, Na(N) and NaN, both containing dinitrogen anions. NaN synthesized at 4 GPa might be the common intermediate in high-pressure solid-state metathesis reactions, where NaN is used as a source of nitrogen, while Na(N) opens a new class of compounds, where [N] units accommodate a noninteger formal charge of 0.