Analysis of the biosynthetic flux in bovine milk oligosaccharides reveals competition between sulfated and sialylated species and the existence of glucuronic acid-containing analogues.

We previously observed that sialylated bovine milk oligosaccharides (BMOs) decline in both absolute and relative abundances over the initial stages of bovine lactation, with initial evidence suggesting that this decline occurred due to increased concentrations of unique sulfated BMOs. Since both sulfated and sialylated BMOs have distinct bioactivites, a follow up study was launched in order to more clearly define relative changes in these classes of BMOs over the first week of lactation in dairy cattle. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) and several liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) methods, including a novel multiplexed tandem MS method, were used to profile the BMOs extracted from milk collected from the same 20 Holstein cows at milkings 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, and 14 post-partum.

Maternal Intake of Dietary Fat Pre-Programs Offspring's Gut Ecosystem Altering Colonization Resistance and Immunity to Infectious Colitis in Mice.

Scope: The transgenerational impact of dietary fat remains unclear. Here, the role of maternal fat consumption as a modulator of gut microbial communities and infectious disease outcomes in their offspring is explored.

Methods And Results: C57BL/6 mice are fed isocaloric high-fat diets throughout breeding, gestation and lactation.

Host responses to challenge in a chicken model of chronic stress.

Background: This study utilized a chicken model of chronic physiological stress mediated by corticosterone (CORT) administration to ascertain how various host metrics are altered upon challenge with . Necrotic enteritis (NE) is a disease of the small intestine of chickens incited by , which can result in elevated morbidity and mortality. The objective of the current study was to investigate how physiological stress alters host responses and predisposes birds to subclinical NE.

Influence of sulfonated and diet-derived human milk oligosaccharides on the infant microbiome and immune markers.

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) promote the development of the neonatal intestinal, immune, and nervous systems and has recently received considerable attention. Here we investigated how the maternal diet affects HMO biosynthesis and how any diet-induced HMO alterations influence the infant gut microbiome and immunity. Using capillary electrophoresis and MS-based analyses, we extracted and measured HMOs from breast milk samples and then correlated their levels with results from validated 24-h diet recall surveys and breast milk fatty acids.

Adolescent Perinatal Outcomes in South West Sydney, Australia.

Objective: To compare perinatal outcomes, blood pressures throughout pregnancy, rates of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, and immediate obstetric outcomes in adolescents younger than 20 years at delivery and those in the 20- to 34-year age group.

Patients And Methods: Questionnaires were administered to pregnant women at Campbelltown and Liverpool hospitals within South West Sydney, Australia, as part of a broader study of sleep-disordered breathing in pregnancy between February 1, 2009, and February 28, 2013. Data collected included demographic data, blood pressure readings, pregnancy complications, delivery type, and neonatal outcomes.

Capillary Electrophoresis Analysis of Bovine Milk Oligosaccharides Permits an Assessment of the Influence of Diet and the Discovery of Nine Abundant Sulfated Analogues.

Bovine milk oligosaccharides (BMOs), like their analogues in human milk, have important prebiotic functions. Environmental factors have previously been linked to variation in BMO structures, and thus to test the hypothesis that the bovine diet may lead to these changes in relative BMO abundances, a rapid capillary electrophoresis (CE)-based work flow was developed to profile the BMOs extracted from the milk of cows fed distinctly different diets. Over the first week of lactation, few significant differences were observed between the different diet groups, with the dominant changes being clearly linked to lactation period.

Qualitative investigation of the reasons behind opposition to water fluoridation in regional NSW, Australia.

Objectives: To investigate reasons behind strong opposition to water fluoridation in regional New South Wales, Australia, and to make recommendations to improve community engagement.

Importance: Few studies have used qualitative methodologies to understand the reasons for strong antifluoridation views. An understanding of these reasons could be useful when designing public campaigns to combat the strong antifluoridation message.

Highly luminescent tridentate N^C*N platinum(II) complexes featured in fused five-six-membered metallacycle and diminishing concentration quenching.

A series of cyclometalating ligands, N-phenyl-N-(3-(pyridin-2-yl)phenyl)pyridin-2-amine (L1), N-(3-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl)-N-phenylpyridin-2-amine (L2), N-phenyl-N-(3-(quinolin-2-yl)phenyl)pyridin-2-amine (L3), N-phenyl-N-(3-(pyridin-2-yl)phenyl)quinolin-2-amine (L4), N-(3-(isoquinolin-1-yl)phenyl)-N-phenylpyridin-2-amine (L5), and N-phenyl-N-(3-(pyridin-2-yl)phenyl)isoquinolin-1-amine (L6), were synthesized, which reacted with K(2)PtCl(4) in glacial acetic acid to produce N^C*N-coordinated platinum(II) complexes featured in a fused five-six-membered metallacycle, 1-6, respectively. The structures of 1, 3, 4, and 6 were determined by single crystal X-ray crystallography. The square geometries of the complexes are improved when compared with those of the N^C^N-coordinated complexes as the bite angles for the platinum in N^C*N-coordinated complexes 1, 3, and 4 are increased.

Solvent-controlled switch of selectivity between sp2 and sp3 C-H bond activation by platinum(II).

By merely changing the solvent, two different cyclometalated platinum complexes resulted from either sp(2) or sp(3) C-H bond activation can be prepared selectively. For example, the reaction of L1 with K(2)PtCl(4) in MeCN gave exclusively kinetic product 1a, while the reaction in AcOH was thermodynamically controlled and produced predominantly 1b.