Expanded directly binds conserved regions of Fat to restrain growth via the Hippo pathway.

The Hippo pathway is a conserved and critical regulator of tissue growth. The FERM protein Expanded is a key signaling hub that promotes activation of the Hippo pathway, thereby inhibiting the transcriptional co-activator Yorkie. Previous work identified the polarity determinant Crumbs as a primary regulator of Expanded.

Fat/Dachsous family cadherins in cell and tissue organisation.

Precisely controlled organisation at the cellular and tissue level is crucial to establish and maintain complex organisms. The atypical cadherins Fat (Ft), Fat2 and Dachsous (Ds) contribute to this organisation by regulating growth and planar cell polarity. Here we describe the recent advances in understanding how these large cadherins coordinate these processes, and discuss additional progress extending their function in regulation of microtubules, migration and disease.

Casein kinase 1 family proteins promote Slimb-dependent Expanded degradation.

Hippo signalling integrates diverse stimuli related to epithelial architecture to regulate tissue growth and cell fate decisions. The Hippo kinase cascade represses the growth-promoting transcription co-activator Yorkie. The FERM protein Expanded is one of the main upstream Hippo signalling regulators in as it promotes Hippo kinase signalling and directly inhibits Yorkie.

Fat regulates expression of four-jointed reporters in vivo through a 20 bp element independently of the Hippo pathway.

Development of an organism requires accurate coordination between the growth of a tissue and orientation of cells within the tissue. The large cadherin Fat has been shown to play a role in both of these processes. Fat is involved in the establishment of planar cell polarity and regulates growth through the Hippo pathway, a developmental cascade that controls proliferation and apoptosis.

Drosophila Genetics: Analysis of Tissue Growth in Adult Tissues.

Drosophila melanogaster has been widely used in the study of developmental growth control and has been instrumental in the discovery and delineation of many signalling pathways that contribute to this growth, in particular the Hippo pathway. Quantitative analysis of adult tissue size has remained a vital tool in the study of tissue growth. This chapter will describe how to dissect, image, and quantify two tissues commonly used to measure growth, the Drosophila wing and eye.

Prp8 regulates oncogene-induced hyperplastic growth in .

Although developmental signalling pathways control tumourigenic growth, the cellular mechanisms that abnormally proliferating cells rely on are still largely unknown. is a genetically tractable model that is used to study how specific genetic changes confer advantageous tumourigenic traits. Despite recent efforts, the role of deubiquitylating enzymes in cancer is particularly understudied.

Upstairs, downstairs: spatial regulation of Hippo signalling.

Cellular signalling lies at the heart of every decision involved in the development and homeostasis of multicellular organisms. The Hippo pathway was discovered nearly two decades ago through seminal work in Drosophila and rapidly emerged as a crucial signalling network implicated in developmental and oncogenic growth, tissue regeneration and stem cell biology. Here, we review recent advances in the field relating to the upstream regulation of Hippo signalling and the intracellular tug-of-war that tightly controls its main target, the transcriptional co-activator Yorkie/YAP.