Medical large language models are vulnerable to data-poisoning attacks.

The adoption of large language models (LLMs) in healthcare demands a careful analysis of their potential to spread false medical knowledge. Because LLMs ingest massive volumes of data from the open Internet during training, they are potentially exposed to unverified medical knowledge that may include deliberately planted misinformation. Here, we perform a threat assessment that simulates a data-poisoning attack against The Pile, a popular dataset used for LLM development.

Trends in the corpus of literature on endoscopic third ventriculostomy: a bibliometric analysis spanning 3 decades.

Objective: The objective of this study was to report the results of a bibliometric analysis on the modern corpus of literature pertaining to endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV). Prior bibliometrics studies on ETV have focused on highly cited articles, but an advanced bibliometric analysis has not yet been conducted.

Methods: The authors queried the Web of Science (WoS) for (ALL = (endoscopic third ventriculostomy)) OR (ALL = (ETV) AND ALL = (neurosurgery)).

Digital Preoperative Huddle Platform Use Leads to Decreased Surgical Cost.

Background And Objectives: Communication has a well-established effect on improving outcomes. The current study evaluated the effect of multidisciplinary preoperative team communication using a digital huddle software platform on operating room costs.

Methods: A digital huddle software platform was implemented in March 2022 for neurosurgical procedures performed at a single tertiary care center.

Association between structural rib autograft and the rate of arthrodesis in children undergoing occiput-C2 instrumentation and fusion.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with fusion success among pediatric patients undergoing occiput-C2 rigid instrumentation and fusion.

Methods: The Pediatric Spine Study Group registry was queried to identify patients ≤ 21 years of age who underwent occiput-C2 posterior spinal rigid instrumentation and fusion and had a 2-year minimum clinical and radiographic (postoperative lateral cervical radiograph or CT scan) follow-up. Fusion failure was defined clinically if a patient underwent hardware revision surgery > 30 days after the index procedure or radiographically by the presence of hardware failure or screw haloing on the most recent follow-up imaging study.

Auditory brainstem implantation: surgical experience and audiometric outcomes in the pediatric population.

Objective: Pediatric data regarding treatment via an auditory brainstem implant (ABI) remains sparse. The authors aimed to describe their experience at their institution and to delineate associated demographic data, audiometric outcomes, and surgical parameters.

Methods: An IRB-approved, retrospective chart review was conducted among the authors' pediatric patients who had undergone auditory brainstem implantation between 2012 and 2021.

Development and implementation of an Enhanced Recovery After Cranial Surgery pathway following supratentorial tumor resection at a tertiary care center.

Objective: Controlling length of stay (LOS) reduces rates of nosocomial infections and falls, facilitates earlier return to daily activities, and decreases strain on the healthcare system. Complications following supratentorial tumor resection present early in the postoperative period, thereby enhancing the prospect of safe, early discharge. Here, the authors describe their initial experience with the development and implementation of an Enhanced Recovery After Cranial Surgery (ERACS) pathway following resection of supratentorial tumors in select patients.

Hydropersulfides (RSSH) Outperform Post-Conditioning and Other Reactive Sulfur Species in Limiting Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in the Isolated Mouse Heart.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) exhibits protective effects in cardiovascular disease such as myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, cardiac hypertrophy, and atherosclerosis. Despite these findings, its mechanism of action remains elusive. Recent studies suggest that HS can modulate protein activity through redox-based post-translational modifications of protein cysteine residues forming hydropersulfides (RSSH).

Piriform Cortex Ablation Volume Is Associated With Seizure Outcome in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.

Background: Growing evidence suggests that piriform cortex resection during anterior temporal lobectomy is important for achieving good seizure outcome in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE). However, the relationship between seizure outcome and piriform cortex ablation during MR-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRgLITT) remains unclear.

Objective: To determine whether ablation of piriform cortex was associated with seizure outcome in patients with mTLE undergoing MRgLITT.

Association of intraoperative end-tidal carbon dioxide level with ablation volume during magnetic resonance-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.

Objective: Maximal safe ablation of target structures during magnetic resonance-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRgLiTT) is critical to achieving good seizure outcome in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE). The authors sought to determine whether intraoperative physiological variables are associated with ablation volume during MRgLiTT.

Methods: Patients with mTLE who underwent MRgLiTT at our institution from 2014 to 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.

Development of Hydropersulfide Donors to Study Their Chemical Biology.

Hydropersulfides (RSSH) are ubiquitous in prokaryotes, eukaryotic cells, and mammalian tissues. The unique chemical properties and prevalent nature of these species suggest a crucial role of RSSH in cell regulatory processes, yet little is known about their physiological functions. Examining the biological roles of RSSH species is challenging because of their inherent instability.