Work of Breathing for Aviators: A Missing Link in Human Performance.

In this study, we explore the work of breathing (WoB) experienced by aviators during the Anti-G Straining Maneuver (AGSM) to improve pilot safety and performance. Traditional airflow models of WoB fail to adequately distinguish between breathing rate and inspiratory frequency, leading to potentially inaccurate assessments. This mismatch can have serious implications, particularly in critical flight situations where understanding the true respiratory workload is essential for maintaining performance.

The Adequacy of Current Legionnaires' Disease Diagnostic Practices in Capturing the Epidemiology of Clinically Relevant : A Scoping Review.

is an underdiagnosed and underreported etiology of pneumonia. serogroup 1 (LpSG1) is thought to be the most common pathogenic subgroup. This assumption is based on the frequent use of a urinary antigen test (UAT), only capable of diagnosing LpSG1.

Everything but the kitchen sink: The use of multiple hypothesis generation methods to investigate an outbreak of Enteritidis associated with frozen profiteroles and eclairs.

In December 2018, an outbreak of Enteritidis infections was identified in Canada by whole-genome sequencing (WGS). An investigation was initiated to identify the source of the illnesses, which proved challenging and complex. Microbiological hypothesis generation methods included comparisons of isolate sequence data to historical domestic outbreaks and international repositories.

A case for implementing an HSV1/2, VZV, and syphilis lesion panel in Manitoba, Canada.

Syphilis, caused by subsp. (TPA), is becoming a significant public health concern, with rising incidence in Manitoba exceeding the national average. The province has also seen a demographic shift leading to women representing 51.

Physician perspectives of Helicobacter pylori diagnostic and treatment practices in Canada: results of a Canadian survey.

Background: Helicobacter pylori infection is prevalent worldwide and can lead to peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastric cancer. Effective diagnosis and treatment of H. pylori infection by gastroenterologists and family physicians is crucial.

Post-market surveillance of six COVID-19 point-of-care tests using pre-Omicron and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Post-market surveillance of test performance is a critical function of public health agencies and clinical researchers that ensures tests maintaining diagnostic characteristics following their regulatory approval. Changes in product quality, manufacturing processes over time, or the evolution of new variants may impact product performance. During the COVID-19 pandemic, a plethora of point-of-care tests (POCTs) was released onto the Canadian market.

AhR and CYP1B1 Control Oxygen Effects on Bone Marrow Progenitor Cells: The Enrichment of Multiple Olfactory Receptors as Potential Microbiome Sensors.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) pollutants and microbiome products converge on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) to redirect selective rapid adherence of isolated bone marrow (BM) cells. In young adult mice, Cyp1b1-deficiency and AhR activation by PAH, particularly when prolonged by Cyp1a1 deletion, produce matching gene stimulations in these BM cells. Vascular expression of Cyp1b1 lowers reactive oxygen species (ROS), suppressing NF-κB/RelA signaling.

Comparison of Tiling Artifact Removal Methods in Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Images.

Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) imaging is used across many fields for the atomic and molecular characterization of surfaces, with both high sensitivity and high spatial resolution. When large analysis areas are required, standard ToF-SIMS instruments allow for the acquisition of adjoining tiles, which are acquired by rastering the primary ion beam. For such large area scans, tiling artifacts are a ubiquitous challenge, manifesting as intensity gradients across each tile and/or sudden changes in intensity between tiles.

Emergence of Inducible Macrolide Resistance in Mycobacterium chelonae Due to Broad-Host-Range Plasmid and Chromosomal Variants of the Novel 23S rRNA Methylase Gene, (55).

Macrolides are a mainstay of therapy for infections due to nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Among rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM), inducible macrolide resistance is associated with four chromosomal 23S rRNA methylase () genes. Beginning in 2018, we detected high-level inducible clarithromycin resistance (MICs of ≥16μg/mL) in clinical isolates of Mycobacterium chelonae, an RGM species not previously known to contain genes.

The DataHarmonizer: a tool for faster data harmonization, validation, aggregation and analysis of pathogen genomics contextual information.

Pathogen genomics is a critical tool for public health surveillance, infection control, outbreak investigations as well as research. In order to make use of pathogen genomics data, they must be interpreted using contextual data (metadata). Contextual data include sample metadata, laboratory methods, patient demographics, clinical outcomes and epidemiological information.

Unsupervised discovery of ancestry-informative markers and genetic admixture proportions in biobank-scale datasets.

Admixture estimation plays a crucial role in ancestry inference and genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Computer programs such as ADMIXTURE and STRUCTURE are commonly employed to estimate the admixture proportions of sample individuals. However, these programs can be overwhelmed by the computational burdens imposed by the 10 to 10 samples and millions of markers commonly found in modern biobanks.

A Complete Whole-Genome Sequence of Ignavigranum ruoffiae Strain CPL 242382-20, an Opportunistic Human Pathogen Recovered from a Breast Cyst.

Ignavigranum ruoffiae is a rare human pathogen. Strain CPL 242382-20 was isolated in Manitoba, Canada, from a breast cyst. Whole-genome sequencing was performed with the Oxford Nanopore Technologies MinION and Illumina MiSeq platforms.

Moral injury and psychosocial functioning in health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Studies of moral injury among nonmilitary samples are scarce despite repeated calls to examine the prevalence and outcomes of moral injury among civilian frontline workers. The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence of moral injury and to examine its association with psychosocial functioning among health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. We surveyed health care workers (N = 480), assessing exposure to potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs) and psychosocial functioning.

Characteristics of polymerase chain reaction-positive syphilis cases in Manitoba, Canada, 2017 to 2020: Demographic analysis, specimen types, and gene targets.

Background: A resurgence of syphilis infections has been described in a number of countries including Canada in the last decade.

Methods: This study identified polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive syphilis cases based on detection of genes (, , and ) in 3,350 clinical specimens obtained from patients in the province of Manitoba, Canada between 2017 and 2020. Patient demographics were obtained from specimen requisition forms.

Disseminated Gonococcal Infections in Manitoba, Canada: 2013 to 2020.

Background: Gonorrhea, when left untreated, can enter the blood and cause disseminated gonococcal infections (DGIs). Disseminated gonococcal infections, which can include dermatitis, tenosynovitis, migratory polyarthralgia, and arthritis, have been increasing in Manitoba (MB), Canada, since 2013. Endocarditis, a rare DGI, was identified in 3 MB patients in 2018 and 2019.

Comparative analysis of arterial compliance in mice genetically null for cathepsins K, L, or S.

Cysteine cathepsins are potent proteases implicated in cardiovascular disease for degrading extracellular matrix (ECM) whose structure and integrity determine the mechanical behavior of arteries. Cathepsin knockout mouse models fed atherogenic diets have been used to study their roles in cardiovascular disease, but the impacts of cathepsin knockout on non-atherosclerotic arterial mechanics are scarce. We examine arterial mechanics in several cathepsin knockout mouse lines (CatK, CatLApoE and CatSApoE) and controls (C57/Bl6, apolipoprotein E).

One Health Genomic Analysis of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase‒Producing Salmonella enterica, Canada, 2012‒2016.

Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) confer resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, a major class of clinical antimicrobial drugs. We used genomic analysis to investigate whether domestic food animals, retail meat, and pets were reservoirs of ESBL-producing Salmonella for human infection in Canada. Of 30,303 Salmonella isolates tested during 2012-2016, we detected 95 ESBL producers.

Impact of Wearing on Filtration Performance of Electrostatic Filter Face Masks.

Certified disposable respirators afford important protection from hazardous aerosols but lose performance as they are worn. This study examines the effect of wear time on filtration efficiency. Disposable respirators were worn by CSIRO staff over a period of 4 weeks in early 2020.

Ruggedized, field-ready snapshot light-guide-based imaging spectrometer for environmental and remote sensing applications.

A field-ready, fiber-based high spatial sampling snapshot imaging spectrometer was developed for applications such as environmental monitoring and smart farming. The system achieves video rate frame transfer and exposure times down to a few hundred microseconds in typical daylight conditions with ∼63,000 spatial points and 32 spectral channels across the 470nm to 700nm wavelength range. We designed portable, ruggedized opto-mechanics to allow for imaging from an airborne platform.