Prediction of pre-eclampsia combining NGAL and other biochemical markers with Doppler in the first and/or second trimester of pregnancy. A pilot study.

Objective: To determine the performance of maternal characteristics, Doppler and a set of biochemical markers for pre-eclampsia (PE) screening at 11+0 to 13+6 and 20+1 to 25+6 weeks' gestation.

Study Design: Prospectively enrolled women at 11+0 to 13+6 and 20+1 to 25+6 weeks. Maternal characteristics, uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA-PI), ductus venosus pulsatility index (DV-PI) and serum biomarkers including pregnancy associated plasma protein - A (PAPP-A), placental growth factor (PlGF), soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1), s-Flt-1/PLGF ratio, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and MMP-9/NGAL complex were recorded.