Magnetic resonance imaging of the knee.

Knee pain is frequently seen in patients of all ages, with a wide range of possible aetiologies. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the knee is a common diagnostic examination performed for detecting and characterising acute and chronic internal derangement injuries of the knee and helps guide patient management. This article reviews the current clinical practice of MRI evaluation and interpretation of meniscal, ligamentous, cartilaginous, and synovial disorders within the knee that are commonly encountered.

Short tau inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging for staging and screening in myxoid liposarcoma.

Purpose: Myxoid liposarcoma has a propensity to metastasize to bone. MRI is the preferred modality for detecting bone disease. We evaluated multiple MRI sequences to determine an optimal screening method.

Dynamics of the IFT machinery at the ciliary tip.

Intraflagellar transport (IFT) is essential for the elongation and maintenance of eukaryotic cilia and flagella. Due to the traffic jam of multiple trains at the ciliary tip, how IFT trains are remodeled in these turnaround zones cannot be determined by conventional imaging. Using PhotoGate, we visualized the full range of movement of single IFT trains and motors in flagella.

MRI evaluation of the knee with non-ferromagnetic external fixators: cadaveric knee model.

Introduction: The advent of MRI-compatible external fixation devices has made the use of MRI possible in patients who have been treated with external fixation. However, although there have been multiple studies determining the safety of MRI scans with external fixator devices, there are no studies determining the artifact effect these devices can have on the MRI image. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effect of two popular brands (Stryker and Synthes) of MRI-compatible external fixators on the diagnostic capacity of a knee MRI.

Cytoplasmic dynein transports cargos via load-sharing between the heads.

Cytoplasmic dynein is a motor protein that walks along microtubules (MTs) and performs mechanical work to power a variety of cellular processes. It remains unclear how a dynein dimer is able to transport cargos against load without coordinating the stepping cycles of its two heads. Here by using a DNA-tethered optical trapping geometry, we find that the force-generating step of a head occurs in the MT-bound state, while the 'primed' unbound state is highly diffusional and only weakly biased to step towards the MT-minus end.

Modulation of endothelial progenitor cell number and function with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Endothelial dysfunction is pivotal in atherosclerosis. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) predict cardiovascular events and could serve as a cellular biomarker of endothelial function. Epidemiological studies suggest the benefits of omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), mainly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on cardiovascular health.

Hyperglycemia induces Toll like receptor 4 expression and activity in mouse mesangial cells: relevance to diabetic nephropathy.

Diabetes is a proinflammatory state. The pattern recognition receptors, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), are increased in diabetic patients and have been suggested to play a role in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Progression of DN involves altered mesangial cell (MC) function with an expansion of the mesangial matrix.

Increased toll-like receptor activity in patients with metabolic syndrome.

Objective: The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is highly prevalent and confers an increased risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). While MetS is a proinflammatory state, there is a paucity of data on cellular inflammation in MetS. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are classical pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune response.

Validation of an immunoassay for soluble Klotho protein: decreased levels in diabetes and increased levels in chronic kidney disease.

The Klotho gene has been identified as an aging suppressor gene that encodes a transmembrane protein, which is expressed primarily in renal tubules. There are 2 forms of Klotho, membrane and secreted. However, there is a paucity of data on levels of soluble Klotho in diseases like diabetes and kidney disease.

Resveratrol up-regulates SIRT1 and inhibits cellular oxidative stress in the diabetic milieu: mechanistic insights.

Several lines of evidence support a role for oxidative stress in diabetic complications. Diabetic patients have increased O(2)(-) production in monocytes. Loss of SIRT1 activity may be associated with metabolic diseases such as diabetes.

Imaging appearances of lateral ankle ligament reconstruction.

Six patients were retrospectively identified as having undergone lateral ligament reconstruction surgery. The surgical procedures were categorized into four groups: direct lateral ligament repair, peroneus brevis tendon rerouting, peroneus brevis tendon loop, and peroneus brevis tendon split and rerouting. At radiography and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, the presence of one or more suture anchors in the region of the anterior talofibular ligament indicates direct ligament repair, whereas a fibular tunnel indicates peroneus brevis tendon rerouting or loop.