Assessment of a fully-automated diagnostic AI software in prostate MRI: Clinical evaluation and histopathological correlation.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic performance of a commercial, fully-automated, artificial intelligence (AI) driven software tool in identifying and grading prostate lesions in prostate MRI, using histopathological findings as the reference standard, while contextualizing its performance within the framework of PI-RADS v2.1 criteria.

Material And Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 123 patients who underwent multiparametric prostate MRI followed by systematic and targeted biopsies.

Opportunistic Screening With CT: Comparison of Phantomless BMD Calibration Methods.

Opportunistic screening is a new promising technique to identify individuals at high risk for osteoporotic fracture using computed tomography (CT) scans originally acquired for an clinical purpose unrelated to osteoporosis. In these CT scans, a calibration phantom traditionally required to convert measured CT values to bone mineral density (BMD) is missing. As an alternative, phantomless calibration has been developed.

Digitized and structured informed patient consent before contrast-enhanced computed tomography: feasibility and benefits in clinical routine.

Background: To evaluate the feasibility and benefits of digitized informed patient consent (D-IPC) for contrast-enhanced CT and compare digitized documentation with paper-based, conventional patient records (C-PR).

Methods: We offered D-IPC to 2016 patients scheduled for a CT. We assessed patient history (e.

Improved Visualization of Prostate Cancer Using Multichannel Computed Diffusion Images: Combining ADC and DWI.

(1) Background: For the peripheral zone of the prostate, diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) is the most important MRI technique; however, a high b-value image (hbDWI) must always be evaluated in conjunction with an apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map. We aimed to unify the important contrast features of both a hbDWI and ADC in one single image, termed multichannel computed diffusion images (mcDI), and evaluate the values of these images in a retrospective clinical study; (2) Methods: Based on the 2D histograms of hbDWI and ADC images of 70 patients with histologically proven prostate cancer (PCa) in the peripheral zone, an algorithm was designed to generate the mcDI. Then, three radiologists evaluated the data of 56 other patients twice in three settings (T2w images +): (1) hbDWI and ADC; (2) mcDI; and (3) mcDI, hbDWI, and ADC.

Evaluation of a Novel Content-Based Image Retrieval System for the Differentiation of Interstitial Lung Diseases in CT Examinations.

To evaluate the reader's diagnostic performance against the ground truth with and without the help of a novel content-based image retrieval system (CBIR) that retrieves images with similar CT patterns from a database of 79 different interstitial lung diseases. We evaluated three novice readers' and three resident physicians' (with at least three years of experience) diagnostic performance evaluating 50 different CTs featuring 10 different patterns (e.g.

Autoinflammation leading to autoimmunity in adult-onset Still's disease: more than simple coincidence?

Background: Adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with endocarditis, with or without a cardiac decompensation.

Case Presentation: We report the case of a 68-year-old Caucasian male diagnosed with AOSD after an initial acute manifestation of endocarditis with severe aortic acute manifestation of endocarditis with severe aortic insufficiency. The histological findings revealed Libman-Sacks endocarditis.

Serum miRNAs Support the Indication for MRI-Ultrasound Fusion-Guided Biopsy of the Prostate in Patients with Low-PI-RADS Lesions.

Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) and targeted biopsy of the prostate enhance the tumor detection rate. However, the prediction of clinically significant prostate cancer (PCa) is still limited. Our study tested the additional value of serum levels of selected miRNAs in combination with clinical and mpMRI information for PCa prediction and classification.

Resolution of vascular inflammation in patients with new-onset giant cell arteritis: data from the RIGA study.

Objectives: Efficacy evaluation of GCA treatment is primarily based on non-specific symptoms and laboratory markers. We aimed to assess the change in vascular inflammation in patients with large vessel (LV)-GCA under different treatments using [18F]FDG PET/CT.

Methods: Observational study on patients with new-onset, active LV-GCA starting treatment with either prednisolone monotherapy (PRED) or combination with MTX or tocilizumab (TOC).

The Distribution of Pelvic Nodal Metastases in Prostate Cancer Reveals Potential to Advance and Personalize Pelvic Radiotherapy.

Background: Traditional clinical target volume (CTV) definition for pelvic radiotherapy in prostate cancer consists of large volumes being treated with homogeneous doses without fully utilizing information on the probability of microscopic involvement to guide target volume design and prescription dose distribution.

Methods: We analyzed patterns of nodal involvement in 75 patients that received RT for pelvic and paraaortic lymph node metastases (LNs) from prostate cancer in regard to the new NRG-CTV recommendation. Non-rigid registration-based LN mapping and weighted three-dimensional kernel density estimation were used to visualize the average probability distribution for nodal metastases.

Magnetic resonance imaging for brain stereotactic radiotherapy : A review of requirements and pitfalls.

Due to its superior soft tissue contrast, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is essential for many radiotherapy treatment indications. This is especially true for treatment planning in intracranial tumors, where MRI has a long-standing history for target delineation in clinical practice. Despite its routine use, care has to be taken when selecting and acquiring MRI studies for the purpose of radiotherapy treatment planning.

Effects of Conventional Uric Acid-Lowering Therapy on Monosodium Urate Crystal Deposits.

Objective: Few studies have systematically and quantitatively addressed the impact of urate-lowering therapy on monosodium urate (MSU) deposits. This study was undertaken to analyze the effect of lifestyle measures and conventional urate-lowering therapy on MSU deposits in patients with gout.

Methods: In this prospective study, subjects with gout according to the American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism classification criteria and presence of MSU deposits seen on dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) scans received either lifestyle intervention or conventional urate-lowering therapy for a mean period of 18 months before a follow-up DECT scan.

Mobile Workflow in Computed Tomography of the Chest.

A CT system with a tablet as mobile user interface and a wireless remote control for positioning and radiation release has recently been presented. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of a mobile CT examination workflow on the radiographers' performance compared to conventional examinations. A prototype of a radiation protection cabin was installed besides the gantry of a CT system.

Assessment of Treatment Response by 99mTc-MIP-1404 SPECT/CT: A Pilot Study in Patients With Metastatic Prostate Cancer.

Background: We investigated the role of Tc-MIP-1404 (Progenics Pharmaceuticals, Inc, New York, NY) SPECT/CT of PSMA expression in the assessment of treatment response in patients with metastatic prostate cancer.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed Tc-MIP-1404 SPECT/CT scans from 28 patients with metastatic prostate cancer examined before initiation and after completion of therapy. Eight of these patients had been treated with androgen deprivation therapy, 10 with docetaxel, and another 10 with external beam radiotherapy.

Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT-derived metabolic parameters for determination of whole-body tumor burden and treatment response in prostate cancer.

Purpose: We aimed at evaluating the role of Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT-derived metabolic parameters for assessment of whole-body tumor burden and its capability to determine therapeutic response in patients with prostate cancer.

Methods: A total of 142 patients with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer underwent PET/CT with [Ga]Ga-PSMA-HBED-CC (Ga-PSMA-11). Quantitative assessment of all 641 Ga-PSMA-11-positive lesions in the field of view was performed to calculate PSMA-derived parameters, including whole-body PSMA tumor volume (PSMA-TV) and whole-body total lesion PSMA (TL-PSMA), as well as the established SUVmax and SUVmean values.

Interobserver and intermodality agreement of standardized algorithms for non-invasive diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in high-risk patients: CEUS-LI-RADS versus MRI-LI-RADS.

Objectives: We compared the interobserver agreement for the recently introduced contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS)-based algorithm CEUS-LI-RADS (Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System) versus the well-established magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-LI-RADS for non-invasive diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in high-risk patients.

Methods: Focal liver lesions in 50 high-risk patients (mean age 66.2 ± 11.

Virtual Computed Tomography Colonography: Evaluation of 2D and Virtual 3D Image Quality of Sub-mSv Examinations Enabled by Third-generation Dual Source Scanner Featuring Tin Filtering.

Rationale And Objectives: To evaluate two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) image quality of sub-milliSievert (mSv) computed tomography (CT) colonography utilizing a third-generation dual source CT scanner featuring a tin filter.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 26 consecutive patients who underwent third-generation dual source CT colonography, nine with the standard-dose clinical-scan protocol (SDP) and 17 with a low-dose protocol (LDP) featuring a tin filter. Radiation dose was evaluated by volume computed tomography dose index (CTDI), dose length product (DLP), effective dose (E), and size-specific dose estimate.

Concealed complete response in melanoma patients under therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors: two case reports.

Background: The assessment of tumor size by RECIST using CT scans and MRIs is considered to be standard of care for staging cancer patients. Despite radiologic evidence of widespread disease, we document for the first time that patients were completely free of viable tumor.

Case Presentation: Two patients with metastatic melanoma were treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ipilimumab/ nivolumab) and progressive metastases were detected on CT-scans performed shortly before histologic examinations.

Tc-MIP-1404-SPECT/CT for the detection of PSMA-positive lesions in 225 patients with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer.

Background: Tc-MIP-1404 (Progenics Pharmaceuticals, Inc., New York, NY) is a novel, SPECT-compatible Tc-labeled PSMA inhibitor for the detection of prostate cancer. We present results of its clinical use in a cohort of 225 men with histologically confirmed prostate cancer referred for workup of biochemical relapse.

Impact of renal denervation on tissue Na content in treatment-resistant hypertension.

Objectives: Renal denervation (RDN) has been introduced for reducing blood pressure (BP) in treatment-resistant hypertension (TRH). The precise mechanism how RDN exerts its BP-lowering effects are not yet fully understood. It is widely accepted that sodium (Na) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of hypertensive disease.

3 Tesla Na Magnetic Resonance Imaging During Acute Kidney Injury.

Rationale And Objectives: Sodium and proton magnetic resonance imaging (Na/H-MRI) have shown that muscle and skin can store Na without water. In chronic renal failure and in heart failure, Na mobilization occurs, but is variable depending on age, dialysis vintage, and other features. Na storage depots have not been studied in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI).

Correlation of mammographic density and serum calcium levels in patients with primary breast cancer.

Percentage mammographic breast density (PMD) is one of the most important risk factors for breast cancer (BC). Calcium, vitamin D, bisphosphonates, and denosumab have been considered and partly confirmed as factors potentially influencing the risk of BC. This retrospective observational study investigated the association between serum calcium level and PMD.