Professional Profiles, Technical Preferences, Surgical Opinions, and Management of Clinical Scenarios from a Panel of 63 International Experts in the Field of Chiari I Malformation.

Background: Chiari I Malformation (CMI) and the topics concerning it have been the subject of numerous discussions and polarizing controversies over the course of the past 20 years.

Methods: The opinions of 63 recognized international Neurosurgical CMI experts from 4 continents, with a collective surgical experience of more than 15,000 CMI cases, were gathered through a detailed questionnaire, divided in two parts: diagnostic and therapeutic. The therapeutic part was organized into four sections: Professional Profile, Technical Preferences, Surgical Opinions, and Clinical Scenarios.

Chiari I Malformation: Opinions on Diagnostic Trends and Controversies from a Panel of 63 International Experts.

Background: Chiari I malformation (CMI) and the topics concerning it have been the subject of numerous discussions and polarizing controversies over the course of the last 20 years.

Methods: The opinions of 63 recognized international CMI experts from 4 continents, with a collective surgical experience of >15,000 CMI cases, were gathered through a detailed questionnaire.

Results: Three facts emerged from the analysis of the results: 1) Most of the replies showed a high level of consensus on most CMI-related topics.

Correction: Rapid Quantification of 3D Collagen Fiber Alignment and Fiber Intersection Correlations with High Sensitivity.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Shigella Effector OspB Activates mTORC1 in a Manner That Depends on IQGAP1 and Promotes Cell Proliferation.

The intracellular bacterial pathogen Shigella infects and spreads through the human intestinal epithelium. Effector proteins delivered by Shigella into cells promote infection by modulating diverse host functions. We demonstrate that the effector protein OspB interacts directly with the scaffolding protein IQGAP1, and that the absence of either OspB or IQGAP1 during infection leads to larger areas of S.

Rapid Quantification of 3D Collagen Fiber Alignment and Fiber Intersection Correlations with High Sensitivity.

Metastatic cancers aggressively reorganize collagen in their microenvironment. For example, radially orientated collagen fibers have been observed surrounding tumor cell clusters in vivo. The degree of fiber alignment, as a consequence of this remodeling, has often been difficult to quantify.

Influence of the microenvironment on cell fate determination and migration.

Several critical cell functions are influenced not only by internal cellular machinery but also by external mechanical and biochemical cues from the surrounding microenvironment. Slight changes to the microenvironment can result in dramatic changes to the cell's phenotype; for example, a change in the nutrients or pH of a tumor microenvironment can result in increased tumor metastasis. While cellular fate and the regulators of cell fate have been studied in detail for several decades now, our understanding of the extracellular regulators remains qualitative and far from comprehensive.

AND-34/BCAR3 regulates adhesion-dependent p130Cas serine phosphorylation and breast cancer cell growth pattern.

NSP protein family members associate with p130Cas, a focal adhesion adapter protein best known as a Src substrate that integrates adhesion-related signaling. Over-expression of AND-34/BCAR3/NSP2 (BCAR3), but not NSP1 or NSP3, induces anti-estrogen resistance in human breast cancer cell lines. BCAR3 over-expression in epithelial MCF-7 cells augments levels of a phosphorylated p130Cas species that migrates more slowly on SDS-PAGE while NSP1 and NSP3 induce modest or no phosphorylation, respectively.

Loss of AND-34/BCAR3 expression in mice results in rupture of the adult lens.

Purpose: AND-34/BCAR3 (Breast Cancer Anti-Estrogen Resistance 3) associates with the focal adhesion adaptor protein, p130CAS/BCAR1. Expression of AND-34 regulates epithelial cell growth pattern, motility, and growth factor dependence. We sought to establish the effects of the loss of AND-34 expression in a mammalian organism.

Structural insights into the association between BCAR3 and Cas family members, an atypical complex implicated in anti-oestrogen resistance.

The association between novel Src homology 2-containing protein (NSP) and Crk-associated substrate (Cas) family members contributes to integrin and receptor tyrosine kinase signalling and is involved in conferring anti-oestrogen resistance to human breast carcinomas. The precise role of this association in tumorigenesis remains controversial, and the molecular basis for the complex NSP and Cas protein form is unknown. Here we present a pluridisciplinary approach, including small-angle X-ray scattering, that provides first insights into the structure of the complex formed between breast cancer anti-oestrogen resistance 3 (BCAR3, an NSP family member) and human enhancer of filamentation 1 (HEF1, also named NEDD9 or Cas-L, a Cas family protein).