Demographic and economic trends in vertebral fracture surgeries throughout the United States.

Background: Vertebral fractures, frequently resulting from high-impact trauma to the spine, are an increasingly relevant public health concern. Little is known about the long-term economic and demographic trends affecting patients undergoing surgery for such fractures. This study examines national economic and demographic trends in vertebral fracture surgery in the United States to improve value-based care and health care utilization.

The language of all medical publications and spine publications from 1950 to 2020.

Background: Excellent research in all fields, including spine surgery, exists in many different regions and languages. This study seeks to determine the relative number of spine related peer-reviewed publications throughout the world based on language.

Methods: Peer-reviewed publications from the eleven most prolific languages in regard to both the number of peer-reviewed spine publications indexed in PubMed and total peer-reviewed publications from 1950-2020 were identified in PubMed.

The Rise and Fall of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 Throughout the United States.

Study Design: Retrospective Database Study.

Objective: Investigate utilization of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-2) between 2004 and 2014.

Summary Of Background Data: The utilization, particularly off-label utilization, of BMP-2 has been controversial and debated in the literature.

Marked Increase in Spinal Deformity Surgery Throughout the United States.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort database study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate trends in utilization and demographics in Spinal Deformity Surgery.

Summary Of Background Data: The aging population in the United States will likely result in increased incidence of adult degenerative scoliosis.

Comparison of medical comorbidities in Medicare patients treated by orthopaedic surgeons and neurosurgeons throughout the USA.

Aims: Medical comorbidities are a critical factor in the decision-making process for operative management and risk-stratification. The Hierarchical Condition Categories (HCC) risk adjustment model is a powerful measure of illness severity for patients treated by surgeons. The HCC is utilized by Medicare to predict medical expenditure risk and to reimburse physicians accordingly.

Treatments Administered to the First 9152 Reported Cases of COVID-19: A Systematic Review.

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2/2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has created a global pandemic with no approved treatments or vaccines. Many treatments have already been administered to COVID-19 patients but have not been systematically evaluated. We performed a systematic literature review to identify all treatments reported to be administered to COVID-19 patients and to assess time to clinically meaningful response for treatments with sufficient data.

Change in rates of primary atlantoaxial spinal fusion surgeries in the United States (1993-2015).

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate revision burden and associated demographic and economic data for atlantoaxial (AA) fusion procedures in the US.

Methods: Patient data from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database for primary AA fusion were obtained from 1993 to 2015, and for revision AA fusion from 2006 to 2014 using ICD-9 procedure codes. Data from 2006 to 2014 were used in comparisons between primary and revision surgeries.

Clonal immortalized human glial cell lines support varying levels of JC virus infection due to differences in cellular gene expression.

JC virus (JCV) is a ubiquitous human polyomavirus that causes the demyelinating disease Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML). JCV replicates in limited cell types in culture, predominantly in human glial cells. Following introduction of a replication defective SV40 mutant that expressed large T protein into a heterogeneous culture of human fetal brain cells, multiple phenotypes became immortalized (SVG cells).