Surgical Costs of Enucleation Versus Plaque Brachytherapy for Intraocular Malignancy: A Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing Approach.

Objective: To compare costs between enucleation and plaque brachytherapy procedures for the treatment of intraocular malignancies.

Design: Retrospective economic analysis using a time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) methodology.

Subjects: Patients undergoing plaque brachytherapy and enucleation procedures for the treatment of intraocular malignancy performed at the University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center from 2021-2022.

International Mixed Reality Immersive Experience: Approach via Surgical Grand Rounds.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 created unintended but significant experiential barriers for surgical learners to interact at the bedside for teaching/case presentations. We hypothesized that an international grand rounds using the Microsoft HoloLens 2 extended reality (XR) headset would create an improved bedside-learning experience compared to traditional grand rounds formats.

Study Design: From December 2020 to March 2021, the world's first 2 international mixed reality grand rounds events using the HoloLens 2 headset were held, broadcasting transatlantically (between the University of Michigan and the Imperial College of London) bedside rounding experiences on 5 complex surgical patients to an international audience of 325 faculty, residents, and medical trainees.