Identifying message themes to prevent e-cigarette use among youth and young adults.

In 2020, almost 20% of high school students reported current e-cigarette use. Mass media tobacco prevention campaigns are effective for preventing tobacco use among youth and young adults but selecting messages that will have maximum impact on the target audience is a significant challenge for campaign developers. This study describes the method for identification of potential messaging targets for a national anti-vape mass media campaign using criteria proposed by Hornik and Woolf in their health communication framework.

Vaping in the Workplace: Awareness and Support for E-cigarette Workplace Policies.

Clean indoor air policies have been an important tool protecting the health of working adults. The purpose of this study was to examine awareness of and support for e-cigarette-free workplace policies among working adults in the United States. Employees of companies with at least 150 employees (N = 1607, ages 18-65 years) were recruited from an opt-in national panel for an online survey.

Effects of Multiple Exposures and Ad-Skipping Behavior on Recall of Health Messages on YouTube.

Although measuring exposure to public health messages is key to understanding campaign effectiveness, little is known about how exposure to and avoidance of digital ad messages may influence self-reported ad recall. A sample of 15-24-year-olds ( = 297) received a varying number of forced-view and skippable test ads across multiple simulated YouTube sessions. Each session was coded for whether the participant viewed the ad or skipped it.

Vaping in the Workplace: Prevalence and Attitudes Among Employed US Adults.

Objective: Describe workplace vaping, prevalence of observed use, attitudes, and perceptions among US adults.

Methods: Employees of companies with more than 150 employees, drawn from an opt-in national online panel (N = 1607), ages 18 to 65, completed an online survey in November 2019.

Results: Majority (61.

Vaping in the Workplace: Implications for Employer-Sponsored Tobacco Cessation Programs.

Objective: Assess workplace vaping as a trigger for tobacco use; examine interest in and prevalence of vaping cessation programs; determine needs of parents whose children vape.

Methods: Employees of companies with more than 150 employees, drawn from an opt-in national online panel (N = 1607), ages 18 to 65, completed an online survey in November 2019.

Results: Among tobacco users, 46% to 48% reported workplace vaping was a trigger for smoking and vaping, respectively; 7% of former users reported it as a trigger.

Validating Self-Reported Ad Recall as a Measure of Exposure to Digital Advertising: An Exploratory Analysis Using Ad Tracking Methodology.

Many mass media campaigns aimed at changing young people's health behavior air on digital platforms rather than on broadcast media (e.g., television), given the intended audience's preference for web-based communication.

The availability of retail tobacco near federally qualified healthcare facilities and addiction treatment centers in New York State.

The effectiveness of tobacco control policies that create smoke-free healthcare facilities and encourage the delivery of tobacco dependence treatment may be undermined by the availability of retail tobacco in the surrounding environments. This study examined the availability of retail tobacco in relation to: federally qualified health centers and look-a-like (FQHC/LAL) healthcare facilities (n = 706) as well as substance abuse and addiction treatment centers (n = 953) across New York State (NYS) in 2018. A statewide tobacco retailer density surface using static-bandwidth kernel density estimation was constructed from geocoded licensed tobacco vendors (n = 21,314).

Cost-Effectiveness of Using Mass Media to Prevent Tobacco Use among Youth and Young Adults: The FinishIt Campaign.

Mass media campaigns have been hailed as some of the most effective tobacco prevention interventions. This study examined the cost-effectiveness of the national tobacco prevention campaign, truth FinishIt, to determine the cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) saved and the return on investment (ROI). The cost-utility analysis used four main parameters: program costs, number of smoking careers averted, treatment costs, and number of QALYs saved whenever a smoking career is averted.

Cigarette smoking, prescription opioid use and misuse among young adults: An exploratory analysis.

Young adults have the highest prevalence of misuse of prescription opioids. In 2016, 7.1% of 18- to 25-year-olds reported misuse, meaning use other than as prescribed.

Patterns of nicotine concentrations in electronic cigarettes sold in the United States, 2013-2018.

Introduction: Considerable declines in cigarette smoking have occurred in the U.S. over the past half century.

Young Adult Tobacco and E-cigarette Use Transitions: Examining Stability Using Multistate Modeling.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to describe tobacco and nicotine product use state transition probabilities among youth and young adults over time.

Methods: A national sample of young adult tobacco product users and nonusers between the ages of 18 and 34 years at baseline was surveyed at 6-month intervals for 3 years. Use and nonuse states were defined as mutually exclusive categories based on self-reported, past 30-day use of the various products.

Young Adults' Opioid Prescription History and Opioid Misuse Perceptions.

In this study, we investigated perceptions of prescription opioid misuse among young adults who had or had not been prescribed opioids in the past. Participants from a national online panel, age 18-34 (N = 1220), completed a survey about their medical use of opioids and their perceptions of the risks and prevalence of opioid misuse and dependence. Associations between prescription history and perceptions of opioids were tested using generalized ordered logistic models.

Estimating the Pathways of an Antitobacco Campaign.

Purpose: This study examined mechanisms through which the truth campaign, a national mass media antismoking campaign, influences smoking-related attitudes, and progression of tobacco use over time in youth and young adults.

Methods: Structural equation modeling tested causal pathways derived from formative research and behavioral theory with a nationally representative longitudinal sample of 15-21-year-olds (n = 8747) over 24 months. Data were collected from 2014 to 2016, and analyses were conducted in 2017.

Longitudinal Tobacco Use Transitions Among Adolescents and Young Adults: 2014-2016.

Introduction: Among youth, the frequency and prevalence of using more than one tobacco (small cigar, cigarette, and hookah) or nicotine-containing product (e-cigarettes-ENDS) are changing. These shifts pose challenges for regulation, intervention, and prevention campaigns because of scant longitudinal data on the stability of use patterns in this changing product landscape.

Methods: A nationally representative longitudinal survey of 15- to 21-year olds (n = 15,275) was used to describe transitions between never use, noncurrent use, and past 30-day use of combustible tobacco, e-cigarettes (ENDS), and dual use of both kinds of products.

Infants segment continuous events using transitional probabilities.

Throughout their 1st year, infants adeptly detect statistical structure in their environment. However, little is known about whether statistical learning is a primary mechanism for event segmentation. This study directly tests whether statistical learning alone is sufficient to segment continuous events.

All together now: concurrent learning of multiple structures in an artificial language.

Natural languages contain many layers of sequential structure, from the distribution of phonemes within words to the distribution of phrases within utterances. However, most research modeling language acquisition using artificial languages has focused on only one type of distributional structure at a time. In two experiments, we investigated adult learning of an artificial language that contains dependencies between both adjacent and non-adjacent words.

Expectancy learning from probabilistic input by infants.

Across the first few years of life, infants readily extract many kinds of regularities from their environment, and this ability is thought to be central to development in a number of domains. Numerous studies have documented infants' ability to recognize deterministic sequential patterns. However, little is known about the processes infants use to build and update representations of structure in time, and how infants represent patterns that are not completely predictable.

Statistical learning and language acquisition.

Human learners, including infants, are highly sensitive to structure in their environment. Statistical learning refers to the process of extracting this structure. A major question in language acquisition in the past few decades has been the extent to which infants use statistical learning mechanisms to acquire their native language.