Background: Women's smoking and cessation behaviors are influenced by various sex- and gender- (SaG) related factors; however, most smoking cessation programs that do not target pregnant women follow a gender-neutral approach. We aimed to systematically review the literature on smoking cessation programs for women outside reproductive contexts to assess their effectiveness and how they address SaG-related barriers.
Methods: We selected experimental studies published between June 1, 2009, and June 7, 2023, that describe smoking cessation interventions designed exclusively for women.