Feasibility and complications of videocapsule endoscopy in dogs weighing 7 kg or less.

Background: Videocapsule endoscopy (VCE) is a valuable tool for investigating gastrointestinal (GI) diseases in dogs. Its use is not recommended in dogs ≤4.3 kg, because of risks of GI endoscopic capsule (EC) retention and bowel obstruction.

Evaluation of the effect of fresh-frozen plasma transfusion on circulating hyaluronic acid concentration in critically ill dogs: a pilot study.

Objective: To describe changes in circulating hyaluronic acid (HA) concentration, a biomarker of endothelial glycocalyx degradation, after administration of fresh-frozen plasma (FFP) in critically ill dogs.

Animals: 12 client-owned dogs receiving an FFP transfusion due to underlying disease.

Methods: Plasma samples were collected for HA concentration measurement pre-FFP transfusion (T0) and 10 minutes (T10) and 90 minutes (T90) following completion of FFP transfusion of a minimum volume of 7 mL/kg.

Laparoscopic surgical treatment for sliding hiatal hernia is associated with an owner-perceived improvement in clinical outcome in dogs.

Objective: To report perioperative complications and client-perceived outcome following laparoscopic surgical treatment for sliding hiatal hernia (SHH) in dogs.

Animals: Client-owned dogs (n = 9).

Methods: Medical records were reviewed and perioperative data collected including preoperative diagnostic imaging, operative details, complications, and need for conversion to open celiotomy.

Outcomes following combined median sternotomy and ventral midline laparotomy for bicavitary penetrating wooden foreign bodies.

Combined abdominal and thoracic pathology caused by extra-gastrointestinal migration of an ingested wooden foreign body (WFB) is an uncommon but serious injury. Presenting clinical signs are typically nonspecific and, in the absence of observed WFB ingestion, diagnosis is challenging. Treatment requires concurrent abdominal and thoracic surgical exploration to remove the WFB and address injuries caused by its migration.

Local outbreak of spontaneous pneumothorax secondary to paragonimosis in southwestern Ontario dogs.

Three dogs were diagnosed with spontaneous pneumothorax and referred to the Ontario Veterinary College Health Sciences Centre for management. The 3 dogs were diagnosed with secondary spontaneous pneumothorax due to paragonimosis. The diagnosis was made by visualization of adult trematodes during surgical exploration with histopathological confirmation in 1 dog, and detection of trematode eggs fecal sedimentation in the other 2 dogs.

Validation of a commercial human ELISA to measure hyaluronic acid concentration in feline plasma.

Our goal was to validate a human hyaluronic acid (HA) ELISA (Hyaluronic acid plus ELISA; TECOmedical Group) for use in feline plasma. Plasma from 5 healthy cats and 5 critically ill cats was used for validation of the assay. Validation methods performed included intra- and inter-assay variability, spike-and-recovery, and dilutional linearity.

Use of serum hyaluronic acid as a biomarker of endothelial glycocalyx degradation in dogs with septic peritonitis.

Objective: To describe daily changes in serum concentrations of hyaluronic acid (HA), a biomarker of endothelial glycocalyx degradation, in dogs with septic peritonitis and to determine whether relationships exist among serum concentrations of HA and biomarkers of inflammation and patient fluid status.

Animals: 8 client-owned dogs.

Procedures: Serum samples that had been collected for a previous study and stored at -80°C were used.

Feasibility, complications, and quality of visualization using video capsule endoscopy in 40 dogs with overt or questionable gastrointestinal bleeding.

Background: Prospective studies describing video capsule endoscopy (VCE), its feasibility, and complications in dogs are limited.

Objective: To assess VCE, quality of visualization, complications, and risk factors for incomplete studies in dogs with overt or questionable gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB).

Animals: Forty dogs with overt or questionable GIB.

Diagnostic evaluation of urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio in dogs with gastrointestinal bleeding.

Background: Urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio (UCR) is a marker for upper gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) in people.

Objectives: To assess the usefulness of UCR to predict occult GIB and distinguish upper from lower GIB in dogs.

Animals: Eighty-nine dogs with GIB and 65 clinically healthy dogs.

Accuracy of point-of-care crossmatching methods and crossmatch incompatibility in critically ill dogs.

Background: The performance of commercial point-of-care crossmatch (CM) tests compared to laboratory tube agglutination CM is unknown. Additionally, there is limited information regarding CM incompatibility in ill dogs.

Objectives: To determine if point-of-care major CM methods are accurate in detecting compatible and incompatible tests when compared to laboratory CM methods, and to identify factors associated with CM incompatibility in dogs.

Understanding Volume Kinetics: The Role of Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Analysis in Fluid Therapy.

Fluid therapy is a rapidly evolving yet imprecise clinical practice based upon broad assumptions, species-to-species extrapolations, obsolete experimental evidence, and individual preferences. Although widely recognized as a mainstay therapy in human and veterinary medicine, fluid therapy is not always benign and can cause significant harm through fluid overload, which increases patient morbidity and mortality. As with other pharmaceutical substances, fluids exert physiological effects when introduced into the body and therefore should be considered as "drugs.

Evaluation of the Distribution and Elimination of Balanced Isotonic Crystalloid, 5% Hypertonic Saline, and 6% Tetrastarch 130/0.4 Using Volume Kinetic Modeling and Analysis in Healthy Conscious Cats.

This prospective, randomized, blinded, interventional cross-over study investigated the distribution, elimination, plasma volume expansion, half-life, comparative potency, and ideal fluid prescription of three commonly prescribed intravenous (IV) fluids in 10 healthy conscious cats using volume kinetic analysis that is novel to veterinary medicine. Each cat received 20 mL/kg of balanced isotonic crystalloid (PLA), 3.3 mL/kg of 5% hypertonic saline (HS), and 5 mL/kg of 6% tetrastarch 130/0.

Allogenic blood patch pleurodesis for continuous pneumothorax in three cats.

Case Series Summary: Following diaphragmatic herniorrhaphy, three cats developed a continuous pneumothorax. All three cats required continuous suction to evacuate air from the thoracic cavity. Despite continuous suction, the pneumothorax persisted for all cats and blood patch pleurodesis (BPP) was performed using blood donor cats.

A multicenter observational study investigating care errors, staffing levels, and workload in small animal intensive care units.

Objective: To investigate associations among care errors, staffing, and workload in small animal ICUs.

Design: Multicenter observational cohort study conducted between January 2017 and September 2018.

Setting: Three small animal teaching hospital ICUs.

High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure in 22 dogs requiring oxygen support escalation.

Objective: To determine the effect of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy on cardiorespiratory variables and outcome in dogs with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure.

Design: Prospective, sequential clinical trial.

Setting: University veterinary teaching hospital.

Preliminary evaluation of the use of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy during recovery from general anesthesia in dogs with obstructive upper airway breathing.

Background: Brachycephalic airway syndrome can pose a risk of complicated recovery from anesthesia as a result of irritation to the excess pharyngeal andlaryngeal tissue present in affected dogs. High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy is a respiratory support modality that offers provision of continuous positive airway pressure via high gas flow rates. The HFNC system actively warms and humidifies inspired gases, which improves comfort and facilitates tolerance of the high flow rates in people and dogs.

A pilot study evaluating the effects of prestorage leukoreduction on markers of inflammation in critically ill dogs receiving a blood transfusion.

Objectives: To compare markers of inflammation after transfusion of leukoreduced (LR) packed RBCs (pRBCs) versus non-LR pRBCs in dogs with critical illness requiring blood transfusion, and to report survival to discharge and rates of transfusion reactions in these dogs.

Design: Prospective randomized blinded clinical study June 2014-September 2015.

Setting: University veterinary teaching hospital.

Comparison of high flow nasal cannula oxygen administration to traditional nasal cannula oxygen therapy in healthy dogs.

Objective: To determine the feasibility, degree of respiratory support, and safety of high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy in sedated and awake healthy dogs, when compared to traditional nasal cannula (TNC) oxygen administration.

Design: Randomized experimental crossover study.

Setting: University research facility.

Acute polyneuromyopathy with respiratory failure secondary to monensin intoxication in a dog.

Objective: To describe a successfully managed case of polyneuropathy and respiratory failure secondary to presumed monensin intoxication.

Case Summary: A 9-month-old Australian Shepherd was evaluated for progressive generalized weakness and respiratory distress. Several days preceding presentation, the dog was seen playing with a monensin capsule, and had free access to a barn where the product was stored and where chewed capsules were subsequently found.

Evaluation of peripheral blood and abdominal fluid variables as predictors of intestinal surgical site failure in dogs with septic peritonitis following celiotomy and the placement of closed-suction abdominal drains.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate peripheral blood and abdominal fluid variables as predictors of intestinal surgical site failure in dogs with septic peritonitis following celiotomy and closed-suction abdominal drain (CSAD) placement. DESIGN Prospective study. ANIMALS 26 dogs with septic peritonitis that underwent celiotomy and CSAD placement.

Comparison of Clostridium difficile isolates from individuals with recurrent and single episode of infection.

Purpose: Recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is an increasing problem, yet reasons for this are poorly understood. Attention has been paid to the role of strain, with conflicting association of ribotype 027 and recurrences.

Methods: Stool samples and medical records data were collected from 60 patients: 27 with recurrent CDI and 33 with single episode CDI.

Evaluation of a transcutaneous blood gas monitoring system in critically ill dogs.

Objectives: To describe the use of a transcutaneous blood gas monitoring system in critically ill dogs, determine if transcutaneous and arterial blood gas values have good agreement, and verify if clinical or laboratory variables are correlated with differences between transcutaneous and arterial blood gas measurements.

Design: Prospective observational study.

Setting: University teaching hospital ICU.

Effect of synthetic colloid administration on hemodynamic and laboratory variables in healthy dogs and dogs with systemic inflammation.

Objective: To compare the effects of administering equal volumes of isotonic crystalloids and synthetic colloids on hemodynamic and laboratory variables in healthy dogs and dogs with systemic inflammation.

Design: Randomized, placebo-controlled, blinded study.

Setting: Comparative clinical research facility.

Detection and characterization of Clostridium perfringens in the feces of healthy and diarrheic dogs.

Clostridium perfringens has been implicated as a cause of diarrhea in dogs. The objectives of this study were to compare 2 culture methods and to evaluate a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to detect C. perfringens toxin genes alpha (α), beta (β ), beta 2 (β2), epsilon (ɛ), iota (ι), and C.