Teaching Ultrasonographic Basic Examination Skills (TUBES): Assessment of an Ultrasound Skill Simulator in Teaching Ultrasound-Guided Paracentesis, a Prospective Observational Study.

Ultrasound guidance during centesis is recommended to reduce the risk of serious complications, improve success rate, and to choose appropriate sampling locations and equipment. The aim of this study was to develop an accessible and reusable ultrasound skill simulator for ultrasound guided centesis (USGC). Fifty second year veterinary students reviewed an instructional video prior to performing two USGC skill tests on the simulator, separated by a period of practice.

Radiographic findings in dogs with 360 degrees gastric dilatation and volvulus.

Gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) is a life-threatening emergency that requires urgent intervention. Radiographic features associated with 360-GDV in dogs have not been investigated. The aim of this retrospective observational study is to describe radiographic features and clinical variables in dogs affected with 360-GDV and to report agreement rates between different radiologists.

Anatomical classification of feline congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts based on CT angiography: A SVSTS and VIRIES multi-institutional study in 231 cats.

The prevalence of anatomical-based subtypes of feline congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts (EHPSS) has not been completely elucidated. The goal of this study was to use CT angiography to create an anatomical-based nomenclature system for feline congenital EHPSS. Additionally, subjective portal perfusion scores were generated to determine if intrinsic portal vein development was associated with different shunt conformations or patient age at the time of CT.

Management of penetrating thoracic wounds from a dog attack in a Nigerian dwarf goat: A case report.

Pet goat ownership has gradually increased in popularity and veterinarians are expected to provide gold-standard treatments for these animals. As in small-animal practice, decision-making regarding thoracic bite injuries is challenging because of the variability in clinical, radiographic, and surgical findings. Mortality rates from dog bite wounds in small animals range between 15.

Survey of electroencephalography usage and techniques for dogs.

Background: Canine epilepsy is a chronic common neurologic condition where seizures may be underreported. Electroencephalography (EEG) is the patient-side test providing an objective diagnostic criterion for seizures and epilepsy. Despite this, EEG is thought to be rarely used in veterinary neurology.

Teaching Accuracy Through Repeated Gamified Echography Training (TARGET): Assessment of an Ultrasound Skill Simulator in Teaching Ultrasound-Guided Needle Placement, a Prospective Observational Study.

The increasing use of ultrasound in veterinary private practice and demand for skilled operators upon graduation has placed an increased burden on the ever-dwindling number of academic radiologists. Simulation-based medical education can help prepare for and consequently reduce this burden, allowing for the acquisition of clinical skills through deliberate practice in a safe, controlled, and low-stakes environment. Ultrasound-guided fine needle placement is the foundation for more advanced interventions such as ultrasound-guided fine needle aspirates and centeses.

Association of plasma metabolites and diagnostic imaging findings with hepatic lipidosis in bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps) and effects of gemfibrozil therapy.

Objectives: To evaluate the association between plasma metabolites, biochemical analytes, diagnostic imaging findings, and the histologic diagnosis of hepatic lipidosis in bearded dragons. To assess the effects of gemfibrozil therapy on hepatic lipid accumulation and associated diagnostic tests.

Animals: Fourteen bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps) with varying severity of hepatic lipid accumulation (with and without hepatic lipidosis) were included.

Treatment of a cystocele in a female dog 3 days after whelping.

A case of a cystocele is reported in a 3-year-old intact female Doberman pinscher. The urinary bladder and vaginal body were reduced within the abdominal cavity and secured by cystopexy and cervicopexy allowing the uterus and ovaries to be spared. This is the first report describing the surgery for a cystocele in a young female dog 3 days after whelping, with sparing of the reproductive tract.

Assessment of laparoscopic working space in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) undergoing carbon dioxide insufflation at different intra-abdominal pressures.

Objective: To evaluate pneumoperitoneal volumes (laparoscopic working space) in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) undergoing pneumoperitoneum via carbon dioxide insufflation at different intra-abdominal pressures (IAPs) (4, 6, and 8 mm Hg) and recumbencies (dorsal, right lateral, and left lateral).

Animals: Six 3- to 4-month-old sexually intact female Hartley guinea pigs.

Procedures: Guinea pigs were anesthetized, intubated, and had an abdominal insufflation catheter placed.

Bilateral thoracic radiographs increase lesion detection in horses with pneumonia or pulmonary neoplasia but do not bring any additional benefit for inflammatory or diffuse pulmonary disease.

Published studies describing the effects of bilateral radiographic projections on the detection of equine pulmonary lesions are currently lacking. The objectives of this retrospective, single center, observational study were to compare unilateral and bilateral thoracic radiographic projections for the detection of pulmonary lesions in a group of horses. Based on their clinical diagnosis, 167 adults and foals with bilateral thoracic radiographs were classified as having pneumonia (n = 88), inflammatory or diffuse pulmonary disease (n = 72), and pulmonary masses (n = 7).

Development of renal adenocarcinoma in a ferret with renal cortical cysts (Mustela putorius furo).

Case Description: A 5.5-year-old 0.929-kg spayed female domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo) underwent serial abdominal ultrasonographic and clinicopathologic examinations after multiple renal cysts were detected bilaterally during a routine examination.

Hematuria in a 3-month-old filly with an internal umbilical abscess and internal iliac artery aneurysm.

A 3-month-old foal with a history of acute hematuria was evaluated. Hydronephrosis and hydroureter were visualized upon renal ultrasonography of the left kidney. Cystoscopy identified a blood clot occluding the left ureter.

Development and Validation of a Three-Dimensional Printed Training Model to Teach Ultrasound-Guided Injections of the Cervical Articular Process Joints in Horses.

Intra-articular injections are routinely performed to alleviate pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis in horses. Intra-articular injections require accurate needle placement to optimize clinical outcomes and minimize complications. This study's objectives were to develop and validate a three-dimensional (3D) printed model of an equine cervical articular process joint to teach ultrasound-guided injections.

Validation of a Novel Ultrasound Simulation Model for Teaching Foundation-Level Ultrasonography Skills to Veterinary Students.

Veterinary ultrasonography is a complex, advanced skill requiring repetitive exposure and supervision to gain competence. Consequently, newly graduated veterinarians are underprepared and lack the resources to achieve basic ultrasound proficiency upon graduation. Ultrasound simulation has been proposed as an adjunct educational tool for teaching entry-level ultrasound skills to student veterinarians.

Soft tissue sarcoma at the site of a previous laparoscopic-assisted gastropexy in a dog.

An 8-year-old, spayed female, Doberman pinscher dog was presented to the Ontario Veterinary College Health Sciences Center for evaluation of a large subcutaneous mass on the right cranial ventral abdomen. Computed tomography localized a 6 × 7 cm soft tissue mass to the site of a laparoscopic-assisted gastropexy performed 3 years earlier. Body wall resection with wide surgical margins was performed.

Laparoscopic ureteronephrectomy for the treatment of giant kidney worm infection in 2 dogs.

One male and one female dog were presented with giant kidney worm infection in the right kidney. Infection was identified through visualization of intra-renal on abdominal ultrasound. Both dogs underwent right-sided laparoscopic ureteronephrectomy for treatment of the giant kidney worm infection.

Anionic Contrast-Enhanced MicroCT Imaging Correlates with Biochemical and Histological Evaluations of Osteoarthritic Articular Cartilage.

This study addressed difficulties in evaluating osteoarthritis (OA) progression in species with thin cartilage. Feasibility of using short, nonequilibrium contrast-enhanced micro-computed tomography (CE-μCT) to evaluate the physical and biochemical properties of cartilage was investigated. A preliminary study using CE-μCT study was performed using bovine osteochondral blocks with intact, mildly damaged (fibrillated), or severely damaged (delaminated) cartilage.

Diagnosis and long-term management of post-traumatic seizures in a white-crowned pionus ().

Case Description: A 13-year-old female white-crowned pionus () was examined because of seizures 22 months after it was treated for a traumatic brain injury (TBI) characterized by vision loss, hemiparesis, nystagmus, circling, and head tilt.

Clinical Findings: Bloodwork performed during the initial seizure workup revealed hypercalcemia and hypercholesterolemia, which were attributed to vitellogenesis given the bird's previous egg-laying history and recent onset of reproductive behavior. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed diffuse right pallium atrophy with multifocal hydrocephalus ex vacuo, which were believed to be the result of the previous TBI.

Contributing factors to surgical site infection after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy: A follow-up retrospective study.

Objective: To identify factors associated with surgical site infection (SSI) after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO).

Study Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: Dogs (n = 541) that underwent TPLO (n = 659).

In vitro elution of amikacin and Dispersin B from a polymer hydrogel.

Objective: To characterize the in vitro elution of amikacin and Dispersin B (β-N-acetylglucosaminidase) in a degradable hydrogel.

Study Design: In vitro, prospective study.

Methods: Amikacin (group A; 40 mg/mL), Dispersin B (group D; 70 μg/mL), or combined amikacin and Dispersin B (group AD; 40 mg/mL and 70 μg/mL, respectively) were added to a hydrogel.

Diagnostic imaging of a basihyoid bone fracture and partial avulsion of the medial pterygoid muscle in a horse.

A 3-year-old gelding was presented for further evaluation and treatment of a swelling over the left mandible and inability to eat and drink. Radiographs of the mandible were unremarkable. Computed tomography (CT) of the head demonstrated a fracture of the basihyoid bone and partial avulsion of the medial pterygoid muscle.

Effects of intra-abdominal pressure on laparoscopic working space in domestic rabbits ().

Objective: To assess the effects of 3 intra-abdominal pressures (IAPs) on pneumoperitoneal (laparoscopic working space) volume in domestic rabbits ().

Animals: 6 female New Zealand White rabbits.

Procedures: A Latin-square design was used to randomly allocate sequences of 3 IAPs (4, 8, and 12 mm Hg) to each rabbit in a crossover study.

Various 3D printed materials mimic bone ultrasonographically: 3D printed models of the equine cervical articular process joints as a simulator for ultrasound guided intra-articular injections.

Introduction: In the equine racehorse industry, reduced athletic performance due to joint injury and lameness has been extensively reviewed. Intra-articular injections of glucocorticoids are routinely used to relieve pain and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis. Intra-articular injections of pharmaceutical agents require practice for precise needle placement and to minimize complications.