Social isolation produces a sex- and brain region-specific alteration of microglia state.

Social isolation is a profound form of psychological stress that impacts the mental health of a large proportion of society. Other experimental models of stress have demonstrated a microglia response that serves either a protective or pathological function. However, the effect of adult social isolation on microglia has not been thoroughly investigated.

Adult neurogenesis mediates forgetting of multiple types of memory in the rat.

The formation and retention of hippocampus-dependent memories is impacted by neurogenesis, a process that involves the production of new neurons in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Recent studies demonstrate that increasing neurogenesis after memory formation induces forgetting of previously acquired memories. Neurogenesis-induced forgetting was originally demonstrated in mice, but a recent report suggests that the same effect may be absent in rats.

Disrupted Neurogenesis in Germ-Free Mice: Effects of Age and Sex.

The gut microbiome has profound effects on development and function of the nervous system. Recent evidence indicates that disruption of the gut microbiome leads to altered hippocampal neurogenesis. Here, we examined whether the effects of gut microbiome disruption on neurogenesis are age-dependent, given that both neurogenesis and the microbiome show age-related changes.

Efficacy of liquid and foam decontamination technologies for chemical warfare agents on indoor surfaces.

Bench-scale testing was used to evaluate the efficacy of four decontamination formulations on typical indoor surfaces following exposure to the liquid chemical warfare agents sarin (GB), soman (GD), sulfur mustard (HD), and VX. Residual surface contamination on coupons was periodically measured for up to 24h after applying one of four selected decontamination technologies [0.5% bleach solution with trisodium phosphate, Allen Vanguard Surface Decontamination Foam (SDF™), U.

Low mitochondrial DNA variation among American alligators and a novel non-coding region in crocodilians.

We analyzed 1317-1823 base pairs (bp) of mitochondrial DNA sequence beginning in the 5' end of cytochrome b (cyt b) and ending in the central domain of the control region for 25 American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) and compared these to a homologous sequence from a Chinese alligator (A. sinensis). Both species share a non-coding spacer between cyt b and tRNA(Thr).