Global mapping of antibiotic resistance rates among clinical isolates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Infections caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia are clinically important due to its intrinsic resistance to a broad range of antibiotics. Therefore, selecting the most appropriate antibiotic to treat S. maltophilia infection is a major challenge.

Expert guidance on target product profile development for AMR diagnostic tests.

Diagnostics are widely considered crucial in the fight against antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which is expected to kill 10 million people annually by 2030. Nevertheless, there remains a substantial gap between the need for AMR diagnostics versus their development and implementation. To help address this problem, target product profiles (TPP) have been developed to focus developers' attention on the key aspects of AMR diagnostic tests.

Performance of an innovative culture-based digital dipstick for detection of bacteriuria.

In this study, we explore the transformative potential of UTI-lizer, an emerging technology not yet commercially available. Our manuscript shows that UTI-lizer is a promising alternative for detecting the five main pathogens that cause urinary tract infections (UTIs). The results also indicate that digital dipsticks have the potential to uniquely provide UTI diagnostic quality on par with that of gold-standard testing, with the added benefits of ease of testing, rapid test handling time, and simple test equipment.

High frequency of carbapenemase in extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates in central Iran.

Objectives: We assessed the frequency of occurrence for infections caused by wild-type A. baumannii, multidrug-resistant (MDR) or XDR A. baumannii, and CRAB.

The effect of aging on the epidemiology of blood transfusions in North Khorasan province, Iran.

Purpose: Additional knowledge on the epidemiology and recipients of blood transfusions will help health-care managers to estimate the future needs. The study was performed to define the blood transfusion rate based on gender, sex, and clinical features of patients receiving blood products in all hospitals of the North Khorasan province of Iran.

Methods: Data on blood transfusion implementation were extracted from blood bank documents.

Improving antimicrobial stewardship with penicillin allergy testing: a review of current practices and unmet needs.

Penicillin allergy, the most frequently reported drug allergy, has been associated with suboptimal antibiotic therapy, increased antimicrobial resistance, increased rates of colonization and infection, as well as extended hospital length of stay and increased cost. Although up to 10% of all patients may report penicillin allergy, most penicillin allergies are not confirmed. As such, most patients with a penicillin allergy can still safely use penicillin and related drugs following a more precise assessment.

Common Etiological Agents in Adult Patients with Gastroenteritis from Central Iran.

This study represents the first analysis from Iran for both the frequency of the most common causes of infectious diarrhoea and their antibiotic resistance patterns in adult patients. Adult stool specimens ( = 211) were analyzed. Stool specimens were analyzed using standard microbiological, polymerase chain reaction, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction tests to identify bacterial, parasitic, and viral enteropathogens.

High prevalence and expression of antiseptic resistance genes among infectious t037/ST239 methicillin-resistant (MRSA) strains in North Khorasan Province, Iran.

Objectives: is an important infectious agent and the majority of methicillin-resistant (MRSA) infections are of nosocomial origin. To define the level and distribution of antiseptic resistance among infectious strains we studied MRSA and methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) isolates collected from different infection sites in an assortment of patients.

Materials And Methods: isolates were investigated for susceptibility to antiseptic agents and detection of , , , and genes.

Whole Genome Multi-Locus Sequence Typing and Genomic Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Analysis for Epidemiological Typing of From Indonesian Intensive Care Units.

We have previously studied carbapenem non-susceptible (CNPA) strains from intensive care units (ICUs) in a referral hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia (Pelegrin et al., 2019). We documented that CNPA transmissions and acquisitions among patients were variable over time and that these were not significantly reduced by a set of infection control measures.

High-level seroprevalence against Leptospira interrogans serovars among wild foxes, jackals and stray dogs in the North Khorasan Province, Iran.

Background: Leptospirosis is an important, neglected zoonotic disease that affects people and animals in humid (sub)tropical regions. Wild canines carry the pathogen and may contaminate natural resources which may then act as a source of human infection.

Objectives: The study was designed to understand the seroprevalence of leptospirosis among domestic and wild canines in Bojnurd County, Northeast Iran.

Natural and Synthetic Sortase A Substrates Are Processed by via Different Pathways.

Endogenous sortase A (SrtA) covalently incorporates cell wall anchored proteins equipped with a SrtA recognition motif (LPXTG) via a lipid II-dependent pathway into the staphylococcal peptidoglycan layer. Previously, we found that the endogenous SrtA is able to recognize and process a variety of exogenously added synthetic SrtA substrates, including K(FITC)LPMTG-amide and K(FITC)-K-vancomycin-LPMTG-amide. These synthetic substrates are covalently incorporated into the bacterial peptidoglycan (PG) of with varying efficiencies.

Murine Model for Measuring Effects of Humanized-Dosing of Antibiotics on the Gut Microbiome.

There is a current need for enhancing our insight in the effects of antimicrobial treatment on the composition of human microbiota. Also, the spontaneous restoration of the microbiota after antimicrobial treatment requires better understanding. This is best addressed in well-defined animal models.

Contemporary diagnostics for medically relevant fastidious microorganisms belonging to the genera Anaplasma,Bartonella,Coxiella,OrientiaandRickettsia.

Many of the human infectious pathogens-especially the zoonotic or vector-borne bacteria-are fastidious organisms that are difficult to cultivate because of their strong adaption to the infected host culminating in their near-complete physiological dependence on this environment. These bacterial species exhibit reduced multiplication rates once they are removed from their optimal ecological niche. This fact complicates the laboratory diagnosis of the disease and hinders the detection and further characterization of the underlying organisms, e.

Recent Advances in Rapid Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing.

Background: Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is classically performed using growth-based techniques that essentially require viable bacterial matter to become visible to the naked eye or a sophisticated densitometer.

Content: Technologies based on the measurement of bacterial density in suspension have evolved marginally in accuracy and rapidity over the 20th century, but assays expanded for new combinations of bacteria and antimicrobials have been automated, and made amenable to high-throughput turn-around. Over the past 25 years, elevated AST rapidity has been provided by nucleic acid-mediated amplification technologies, proteomic and other "omic" methodologies, and the use of next-generation sequencing.

Multicenter Clinical Evaluation of ETEST Plazomicin (PLZ) for Susceptibility Testing of Enterobacterales.

Plazomicin (PLZ), brand name ZEMDRI (Cipla Therapeutics), is a novel aminoglycoside antibiotic approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of complicated urinary tract infections including pyelonephritis.

The Global Prevalence of Daptomycin, Tigecycline, and Linezolid-Resistant and Strains From Human Clinical Samples: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The predominant species of the () and () cause great variety of infections. Therefore, the expansion of antimicrobial resistance in the is one of the most important global concerns. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of resistance to linezolid, tigecycline, and daptomycin among enterococcal strains isolated from human clinical specimens worldwide.

Reply to Fabre et al. Comment on "Tanmoy et al. CRISPR-Cas Diversity in Clinical Serovar Typhi Isolates from South Asian Countries. 2020, , 1365".

We respectfully thank Fabre et al. [..

Novel strategies to diagnose prosthetic or native bone and joint infections.

Introduction: Bone and Joint Infections (BJI) are medically important, costly and occur in native and prosthetic joints. Arthroplasties will increase significantly in absolute numbers over time as well as the incidence of Prosthetic Joint Infections (PJI). Diagnosis of BJI and PJI is sub-optimal.

Host-Pathogen Adhesion as the Basis of Innovative Diagnostics for Emerging Pathogens.

Infectious diseases are an existential health threat, potentiated by emerging and re-emerging viruses and increasing bacterial antibiotic resistance. Targeted treatment of infectious diseases requires precision diagnostics, especially in cases where broad-range therapeutics such as antibiotics fail. There is thus an increasing need for new approaches to develop sensitive and specific in vitro diagnostic (IVD) tests.

Biofilm associated genotypes of multiple antibiotic resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous environmental microorganism and also a common cause of infection. Its ability to survive in many different environments and persistently colonize humans is linked to its presence in biofilms formed on indwelling device surfaces. Biofilm promotes adhesion to, and survival on surfaces, protects from desiccation and the actions of antibiotics and disinfectants.

Automated antimicrobial susceptibility testing of slow-growing Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains in the presence of tetrazolium salt WST-1.

Slow growing, mucoid isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa require adaptation of the protocol used for automated antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). In the present study we used a water soluble tetrazolium salt WST-1 (4-[3-(4-iodophenyl)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)-2H-5-tetrazolio]-1,3-benzene disulfonate) in combination with menadione for possibly improving AST of slow growing and biofilm-forming P. aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a clinical and genomics update.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a global medical priority that needs urgent resolution. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a versatile, adaptable bacterial species with widespread environmental occurrence, strong medical relevance, a diverse set of virulence genes and a multitude of intrinsic and possibly acquired antibiotic resistance traits. Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes a wide variety of infections and has an epidemic-clonal population structure.

The global prevalence of fusidic acid resistance in clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background And Aim: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the most common pathogens causing nosocomial and community-acquired infections with high morbidity and mortality rates. Fusidic acid has been increasingly used for the treatment of infections due to methicillin-susceptible S.