Publications by authors named "Alex Smith"

As a consequence of COI barcoding hundreds of reared specimens of what appeared to be Leurus caeruliventris, a parasitoid of leaf-rolling Crambidae (Lepidoptera) from the Area de Conservación Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica, and matching them with their host caterpillars and morphological traits, we describe ten new sympatric species and redescribe L. caeruliventris. The new species, authored by Zuñiga & Valerio, are: Leurus billeberhardi, L.

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  • The study investigates the effectiveness of two surgical techniques (Wise pattern vs. modified vertical technique) for post-mastectomy reconstruction in patients with severe breast ptosis.
  • It highlights that while both methods had similar BMI among patients, the Wise pattern showed a higher incidence of complications, such as seroma and skin necrosis.
  • The findings suggest that the vertical pattern might be a safer and simpler option for certain patients, potentially reducing the risk of complications.
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Preeclampsia (PE) is characterized by de novo hypertension (HTN) and is often associated with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Hallmarks of PE are placental ischemia, decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, oxidative stress (OS), and organ damage in the kidneys and brain. This study aims to characterize a new model of PE using pregnant IUGR rats from hypertensive placental ischemic dams.

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Background: Social constructs like race can affect how patients are perceived and impact care. This study investigated whether mentions of race in notes for critically ill patients differed according to patients' race.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included intensive care unit notes for adults (≥18 years old) admitted to any of 6 intensive care units at University of California, San Francisco, from 2012 through 2020.

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Tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) have been shown to promote immunosuppression and tumor progression, and a high TAN frequency predicts poor prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Dysregulation of CREB-binding protein (CBP)/P300 function has been observed with multiple cancer types. The bromodomain (BRD) of CBP/P300 has been shown to regulate its activity.

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Background: A metaphor conceptualizes one, typically abstract, experience in terms of another, more concrete, experience with the goal of making it easier to understand. Although combat metaphors have been well described in some health contexts, they have not been well characterized in the setting of critical illness.

Research Question: How do clinicians use combat metaphors when describing critically ill patients and families in the electronic health record?

Study Design And Methods: We included notes written about patients aged 18 years or older admitted to ICUs within a large hospital system from 2012 through 2020.

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  • Chromium and arsenic are highly toxic water pollutants, and traditional methods for removing them are often ineffective.
  • A new polyol-functionalized porous aromatic framework (PAF) has been developed, which uses various interactions to selectively capture chromium and arsenic quickly and efficiently.
  • The study demonstrates that these PAFs can be easily recycled without losing effectiveness and outlines design principles for improving the removal of these contaminants from water.
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Children with chronic illnesses present unique health, psychosocial, and learning challenges. Due to the complexities surrounding their needs, these children and their families often encounter multilayered barriers when accessing educational services and health care management. Medical-family-school interprofessional interagency collaborations (IIC) are needed to facilitate information sharing across institutions, treatment alignment among care partners, and equitable and high-quality school-based service delivery.

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  • Clinical research typically requires careful study designs that account for variables like sex and age, but often overlooks body size factors like height and weight in neuroimaging studies.
  • This study analyzed data from 267 healthy adults to explore how body height and weight relate to various brain and spinal cord MRI metrics, finding significant correlations, especially with brain gray matter volume and cervical spinal cord area.
  • The results suggest that body size is an important biological variable that should be included in clinical neuroimaging study designs to enhance accuracy in understanding brain and spinal cord structures.
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Global biodiversity gradients are generally expected to reflect greater species replacement closer to the equator. However, empirical validation of global biodiversity gradients largely relies on vertebrates, plants, and other less diverse taxa. Here we assess the temporal and spatial dynamics of global arthropod biodiversity dynamics using a beta-diversity framework.

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Tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) have been shown to promote immunosuppression and tumor progression, and a high TAN frequency predicts poor prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Dysregulation of CREB binding protein (CBP)/P300 function has been observed with multiple cancer types. The bromodomain (BRD) of CBP/P300 has been shown to regulate its activity.

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Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) of binge-eating symptoms has deepened our understanding of eating disorders. However, there has been a lack of attention on the psychometrics of EMA binge-eating symptom measures. This paper focused on evaluating the psychometric properties of a four-item binge-eating symptom measure, including multilevel factor structure, reliability, and convergent validity.

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  • Diamine-appended Mg(dobpdc) frameworks are effective for carbon capture, showing high selectivity and CO capacity, but traditional mechanisms limit their uptake to roughly 1 molecule of CO per diamine.
  • The newly developed pip2-Mg(dobpdc) framework achieves a higher carbon capture capacity of about 1.5 molecules of CO per diamine through a unique two-step mechanism involving CO insertion and chain formation.
  • Analysis methods, including solid-state NMR and DRIFTS, demonstrate that this framework can outperform existing materials under conditions similar to landfill gas separation, suggesting future possibilities for designing even more effective carbon capture materials.
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Background: This revision is part of a continuing series of taxonomic work aimed at the description of new taxa and the redescription of known taxa of the Tachinidae of Area de Conservación Guanacaste in northwestern Costa Rica. Here we describe 33 new species in the genus Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 (Diptera: Tachinidae). All species described here were reared from this ongoing inventory of wild-caught caterpillars spanning a variety of families (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Eupterotidae, Noctuidae, Notodontidae, Saturniidae, and Sphingidae).

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Background: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) and immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) to peanut and its components may influence the clinical reactivity to peanut. Allergen-specific immunotherapy is known for modifying both IgE and IgG4. Peanut oral immunotherapy may influence these serological parameters.

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Recent measurements [Xu, J.; 2019, 10 (22), 7044-7049] have reported temperature-dependent rates of detachment of diamine from Mg sites in diamine-appended Mg(dobpdc) [dobpdc = 4,4'-dihydroxy(1,1'-biphenyl)-3,3'-dicarboxylic] metal-organic frameworks, a process hypothesized to be a precursor for cooperative CO adsorption, leading to step-shaped isotherms or isobars. Here, we compute the rate of diamine exchange in this system for different diamines using metadynamics simulations based on a density functional theory-derived neural network potential.

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Background: Language in nonmedical data sets is known to transmit human-like biases when used in natural language processing (NLP) algorithms that can reinforce disparities. It is unclear if NLP algorithms of medical notes could lead to similar transmissions of biases.

Research Question: Can we identify implicit bias in clinical notes, and are biases stable across time and geography?

Study Design And Methods: To determine whether different racial and ethnic descriptors are similar contextually to stigmatizing language in ICU notes and whether these relationships are stable across time and geography, we identified notes on critically ill adults admitted to the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), from 2012 through 2022 and to Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital (BIDMC) from 2001 through 2012.

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It has been proposed that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can enter and leave the retina and optic nerve along perivascular spaces surrounding the central retinal vessels as part of an aquaporin-4 (AQP4) dependent ocular 'glymphatic' system. Here, we injected fluorescent dextrans and antibodies into the CSF of mice at the cisterna magna and measured their distribution in the optic nerve and retina. We found that uptake of dextrans in the perivascular spaces and parenchyma of the optic nerve is highly sensitive to the cisternal injection rate, where high injection rates, in which dextran disperses fully in the sub-arachnoid space, led to uptake along the full length of the optic nerve.

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  • Somatic mutations are common in patients with unexplained low blood cell counts (CCUS) and are linked to a higher risk of blood cancers and lower survival rates.
  • This study analyzed a large group of CCUS patients over several years to understand their outcomes, using samples from a clinical diagnostic lab in the UK.
  • Out of 2,083 eligible patients, 400 were confirmed with CCUS, with the most frequently mutated genes being TET2, SRSF2, and DNMT3A.
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Importance: Periviable and previable premature rupture of membranes (pPPROM) occurs in <1% of pregnancies but can have devastating consequences for the mother and the fetus. Understanding risk factors, possible interventions, and both maternal and neonatal outcomes will improve the counseling and care provided for these patients.

Objective: The aim of this review is to describe the etiology, risk factors, management strategies, neonatal and maternal outcomes, and recurrence risk for patients experiencing pPPROM.

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In the second century CE the Roman Empire had increasing contact with Sarmatians, nomadic Iranian speakers occupying an area stretching from the Pontic-Caspian steppe to the Carpathian mountains, both in the Caucasus and in the Danubian borders of the empire. In 175 CE, following their defeat in the Marcomannic Wars, emperor Marcus Aurelius drafted Sarmatian cavalry into Roman legions and deployed 5,500 Sarmatian soldiers to Britain, as recorded by contemporary historian Cassius Dio. Little is known about where the Sarmatian cavalry were stationed, and no individuals connected with this historically attested event have been identified to date, leaving its impact on Britain largely unknown.

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Minimising haemolytic blood damage is an important objective when designing rotary blood pumps, however, calculating haemolysis can be computationally expensive and inaccurate. Efficiency and dissipated energy are much more easily calculable hydraulic parameters in the design and analysis of rotary blood pumps and although there is work to suggest that efficiency is not a good indicator of haemocompatibility, i.e.

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Amphibians are the most threatened species-rich vertebrate group, with species extinctions and population declines occurring globally, even in protected and seemingly pristine habitats. These 'enigmatic declines' are generated by climate change and infectious diseases. However, the consequences of these declines are undocumented as no baseline ecological data exists for most affected areas.

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Lung cancer is the leading global cause of cancer-related deaths. Although smoking cessation is the best prevention, 50% of lung cancer diagnoses occur in people who have quit smoking. Research into treatment options for high-risk patients is constrained to rodent models, which are time-consuming, expensive, and require large cohorts.

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Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether diagnostic assessment methods used on radiographs in humans with slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) can be used in cats.

Methods: The ventrodorsal (VD) extended-leg and VD frog-leg pelvic radiographs of 20 cats with SCFE without fully displaced femoral capital epiphyses (FCE), eight cats with fully displaced FCE and five control cats with normal pelvic anatomy were assessed by five observers on two separate occasions 3 months apart. The Klein's line and modified Klein's line were assessed on each VD extended-leg radiograph, and the S-sign was assessed on each VD extended-leg and VD frog-leg radiograph.

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