Assessment of knowledge and awareness of stroke among Arabic speaking adults: unveiling the current landscape in seven countries through the first international representative study.

Introduction: While several studies have examined stroke public knowledge and awareness in individual countries within the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, none have provided a comprehensive cross-country assessment.

Purpose: To assess public stroke knowledge and awareness among Arabic-speaking adults in seven MENA countries and identify associated factors.

Materials And Methods: An online cross-sectional survey was self-administered by the public population in Iraq, Lebanon, Sudan, Jordan, United Arab Emirates, Syria, and Saudi Arabia (April 2021-2023).

Arousal threshold modifies the effect of CPAP on executive function among individuals with obstructive sleep apnea.

Unlabelled: Arousal Threshold Modifies the Effect of CPAP on Executive Function Among Individuals with Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Background: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is associated with neurocognitive dysfunction. However, randomized trials evaluating the effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on neurocognition in those without dementia do not show a benefit.

Combination Drug Therapy with Acetazolamide, Eszopiclone +/- Venlafaxine for Obstructive Sleep Apnea (RESCUE-Combo): A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial.

Introduction: Acetazolamide, eszopiclone, and venlafaxine may target different underlying mechanisms of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and individually may partially improve OSA severity in select patients. We tested whether acetazolamide+eszopiclone (DualRx) improves OSA severity. We further explored whether addition of venlafaxine (TripleRx) improves OSA in patients who do not fully respond to DualRx.

Utility of N-acetylcysteine in Non-Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury Secondary to Influenza A Infection.

Influenza A, which belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae viral family, is a known causative agent of respiratory illness and systemic inflammation. Annual influenza immunizations are crucial in reducing the incidence and severity of the flu. Intravenous (IV) N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a pharmaceutical agent indicated for hepatic injury, particularly to address oxidative stress and inflammation secondary to acetaminophen toxicity.

Chronic heat stress upregulates pyruvate metabolic process and gluconeogenesis but downregulates immune responses in Sahiwal cattle.

Climate change and growing population and their strain on animal production are the impending challenges that the developing countries, like India, need to tackle in the coming days. This study aimed to detect and analyze the uncharacterized variation in the gene expression patterns with the change of condition, from thermoneutral to chronic hot-humid, in the Sahiwal cattle, one of the best breeds of milk-producing cattle in India, known for being heat-tolerant. Using RNA-Seq analysis on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), 4021 differentially expressed mRNAs (2772 upregulated, 1249 downregulated) and 1303 differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (769 upregulated, 534 downregulated) were identified, with the thresholds of false discovery rate < 0.

Assessing genetic parameters for first parity reproductive traits for early selection in Saanen × Beetal goats of India.

The present study aimed to evaluate the genetic parameters of first parity reproductive traits. Information on 762 reproductive records on Saanen × Beetal (S × B) goats reared for approximately five decades was collected from ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana (1973-2020). For genetic analysis, single-trait and multiple-trait animal models were used.

Functional transcriptome analysis revealed major changes in pathways affecting systems biology of Tharparkar cattle under seasonal heat stress.

Unlabelled: Heat stress significantly disturbs the production, reproduction, and systems biology of dairy cattle. A complex interaction among biological systems helps to combat and overcome heat stress. Indicine cattle breed Tharparkar has been well known for its thermal adaptability.

Functional transcriptome analysis revealed upregulation of MAPK-SMAD signalling pathways in chronic heat stress in crossbred cattle.

Animal geneticists and breeders have the impending challenge of enhancing the resilience of Indian livestock to heat stress through better selection strategies. Climate change's impact on livestock is more intense in tropical countries like India where dairy cattle crossbreeds are more sensitive to heat stress. The main reason for this study was to find the missing relative changes in transcript levels in thermo-neutral and heat stress conditions in crossbred cattle through whole-transcriptome analysis of RNA-Seq data.

Effect of obesity on sleep apnea pathogenesis differs in women versus men: multiple mediation analyses in the retrospective SNOOzzzE cohort.

There are multiple mechanisms underlying obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) development. However, how classic OSA risk factors such as body mass index (BMI) and sex portend to OSA development has not been fully described. Thus we sought to evaluate how obesity leads to OSA and assess how these mechanisms differ between men and women.

Pathogenesis of sleep-disordered breathing in the setting of opioid use: a multiple mediation analysis using physiology.

Study Objectives: Opioid medications are commonly used and are known to impact both breathing and sleep and are linked with adverse health outcomes including death. Clinical data indicate that chronic opioid use causes central sleep apnea, and might also worsen obstructive sleep apnea. The mechanisms by which opioids influence sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) pathogenesis are not established.

Adverse pregnancy outcomes and pharyngeal flow limitation during sleep: Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study Monitoring Mothers-to-be (nuMoM2b).

Background: Pharyngeal flow limitation during pregnancy may be a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes but was previously challenging to quantify. Our objective was to determine whether a novel objective measure of flow limitation identifies an increased risk of pre-eclampsia (primary outcome) and other adverse outcomes in a prospective cohort: Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study Monitoring Mothers-to-be (nuMoM2b).

Methods: Flow limitation severity scores (0%=fully obstructed, 100%=open airway), quantified from breath-by-breath airflow shape, were obtained from home sleep tests during early (6-15 weeks) and mid (22-31 weeks) pregnancy.

Association of Structural Forms of 17q21.31 with the Risk of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy and Sub-haplotypes.

Importance: The chromosome 17q21.31 region, containing a 900 Kb inversion that defines H1 and H2 haplotypes, represents the strongest genetic risk locus in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). In addition to H1 and H2, various structural forms of 17q21.

Weighted single step GWAS reveals genomic regions associated with economic traits in Murrah buffaloes.

The objective of the present study was to identify genomic regions influencing economic traits in Murrah buffaloes using weighted single step Genome Wide Association Analysis (WssGWAS). Data on 2000 animals, out of which 120 were genotyped using a double digest Restriction site Associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing approach. The phenotypic data were collected from NDRI, India, on growth traits, viz.

Comparative Levels of Urinary Biomarkers of Renal Injury and Inflammation Among Patients With Diabetic Nephropathy With or Without Hyperuricemia.

Background: The association between hyperuricemia and development of progressive chronic kidney disease has received increasing attention in recent years. Recent preclinical studies have shown that non-crystalline uric acid can induce renal-specific arteriolopathy, leading to renal injury and tubulointerstitial inflammation.

Methods: We conducted a open-label cross-sectional study of 25 patients with chronic kidney disease stage III (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR], 7.

Prognostication and Prediction of Outcomes in Patients with Organophosphorus and Carbamate Poisoning: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Organophosphorus (OP) and carbamate poisoning are significant concerns in developing nations. This study evaluates the effectiveness of the ChE check mobile, a cholinesterase-rapid bedside diagnostic test, in the diagnosis and management of OP and carbamate poisoning.

Materials And Methods: We conducted this prospective observational study, involving patients with OP and carbamate poisoning over 1 year (June 2016 to June 2017) at a single tertiary care center.

Modelling the lactation curve in Alpine × Beetal crossbred dairy goats using random regression models fitted with Legendre polynomial and B-spline functions.

The current study sought to genetically assess the lactation curve of Alpine × Beetal crossbred goats through the application of random regression models (RRM). The objective was to estimate genetic parameters of the first lactation test-day milk yield (TDMY) for devising a practical breeding strategy within the nucleus breeding programme. In order to model variations in lactation curves, 25,998 TDMY records were used in this study.

Optimizing selection strategy for enhancing reproduction efficiency in Indian crossbred goats using milk productivity as a selection criterion.

The present study was aimed at optimizing the selection strategy for enhancing reproductive efficiency and milk productivity of Alpine × Beetal crossbred goats. The data set included 2949 milk trait records across parities and 1389 milk records from first parity and corresponding reproductive traits. The traits included for analysis were 150-day milk yield (150DMY), days in milk (DIM), peak yield (PY) and total milk yield (TMY).

Loop Gain as a Predictor of Blood Pressure Response in Patients Treated for Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Secondary Analysis of a Clinical Trial.

Randomized trials have shown inconsistent cardiovascular benefits from obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) therapy. Intermittent hypoxemia can increase both sympathetic nerve activity and loop gain ("ventilatory instability"), which may thus herald cardiovascular treatment benefit. To test the hypothesis that loop gain predicts changes in 24-hour mean blood pressure (MBP) in response to OSA therapy and compare its predictive value against that of other novel biomarkers.

Explicating the genetic diversity and population structure of Saanen × Beetal goats using pedigree analysis.

Pedigree analysis is required to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of a close breeding population in order to effectively manage the breeding program and keep inbreeding under acceptable limits. Saanen × Beetal is a crossbred population of goats, reared at the National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, for the last five decades. This germplasm has been acclimated to a tropical climate and has a higher milk potential and prolificacy.

Physiological Determinants of Snore Loudness.

The physiological factors modulating the severity of snoring have not been adequately described. Airway collapse or obstruction is generally the leading determinant of snore sound generation; however, we suspect that ventilatory drive is of equal importance. To determine the relationship between airway obstruction and ventilatory drive on snore loudness.

Optimization of Metal Ion/Fuel Ratio for an Effective Combustion of Monticellite and Investigation of Its Microbial and Hemolytic Activity for Biomedical Applications.

Bioactive silicates have gained popularity as bone graft substitutes in recent years due to their exceptional ability to bind to host tissues. The current study investigates the effect of changing the metal ion-to-fuel ratio on the properties and biological activity of monticellite prepared via the sol-gel connived combustion technique. Single-phasic monticellite was obtained at 900 °C, without any secondary-phase contaminants for the fuel-lean, stoichiometric, and fuel-rich conditions.