Bloodstream infections and multidrug resistant bacteria acquisition among burns patients in Australia and New Zealand: A registry-based study.

Introduction: This study interrogates infection related data in the Burns Registry of Australia and New Zealand (BRANZ), to examine associations of multi-drug resistant organisms (MDROs) and blood stream infection (BSI).

Methods: Data between July 2016 and June 2021 were analysed to determine prevalence, risk factors and outcomes associated with BSIs and MDROs: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas spp. (CRP), and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter (CRE).

Surviving Sepsis After Burn Campaign.

Introduction: The Surviving Sepsis Campaign was developed to improve outcomes for all patients with sepsis. Despite sepsis being the primary cause of death after thermal injury, burns have always been excluded from the Surviving Sepsis efforts. To improve sepsis outcomes in burn patients, an international group of burn experts developed the Surviving Sepsis After Burn Campaign (SSABC) as a testable guideline to improve burn sepsis outcomes.

Patterns of multidrug resistant organism acquisition in an adult specialist burns service: a retrospective review.

Background: Multidrug resistant organisms (MDROs) occur more commonly in burns patients than in other hospital patients and are an increasingly frequent cause of burn-related mortality. We examined the incidence, trends and risk factors for MDRO acquisition in a specialist burns service housed in an open general surgical ward, and general intensive care unit.

Methods: We performed a retrospective study of adult patients admitted with an acute burn injury to our specialist statewide tertiary burns service between July 2014 and October 2020.

Review of epiglottitis in the post Haemophilus influenzae type-b vaccine era.

Background: This study reviewed the demographics, presentation, management, complications and outcomes of acute epiglottitis post Haemophilus influenzae type-b vaccine introduction in Australia.

Methods: Retrospective review of acute epiglottitis at four Victorian tertiary centres from 2011 to 2016 was conducted. Patient characteristics, presentation, investigations, management, complications and outcomes were recorded.

Evolution of carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii during a prolonged infection.

Acinetobacter baumannii is a common causative agent of hospital-acquired infections and a leading cause of infection in burns patients. Carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii is considered a major public-health threat and has been identified by the World Health Organization as the top priority organism requiring new antimicrobials.

Early pathogenic colonisers of acute burn wounds: A retrospective review.

Background: Early excision of burns reduces the incidence of local and systemic infections caused by colonising microorganisms, and reduces mortality and length of hospital stay. Appropriate antibiotic prophylaxis can reduce the risk of postoperative wound infections and skin graft loss. Antibiotic selection should be based on likely pathogens.

A Comparative Analysis Between Antibiotic- and Nonantibiotic-Associated Delayed Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions.

Background: The difference in clinical presentation, causality assessments, and outcomes of patients with delayed antibiotic-associated cutaneous adverse drug reactions (AA-cADR) and nonantibiotic-associated (NA)-cADR is ill defined.

Objective: We examined the etiology of AA-cADR, with regard to the type of antibiotic exposure, allergy labeling, and patient outcomes, in comparison with NA-cADR.

Methods: A retrospective observational inpatient cohort study of cADR was performed from January 2004 to August 2014.

Low risk of Japanese encephalitis in short-term Australian travelers to Asia.

The risk of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in travelers is unknown. In this prospective study, we investigated the incidence of JE in 387 short-term Australian travelers visiting Asia over a 32-month period from August 2007 to February 2010 by performing pre- and post-travel antibody testing. No travelers were infected with JE virus during travel, indicating a low risk of infection for short-term travelers.

Incidence and risk factors for acute respiratory illnesses and influenza virus infections in Australian travellers to Asia.

Background: Respiratory infections including influenza are a common cause of acute short-term morbidity in travellers and yet the risk of these infections is poorly defined.

Objectives: To estimate the incidence density of and risk factors for acute respiratory infections (ARIs) and influenza in Australian travellers to Asia.

Study Design: Travel-clinic attendees were prospectively identified and completed questionnaires (demographic data, travel itinerary, health and vaccination history) and also provided pre and post-travel serological samples for Influenza A and B (complement fixation test).

Extremely prolonged HIV seroconversion associated with an MHC haplotype carrying disease susceptibility genes for antibody deficiency disorders.

Severe immunodeficiency during primary human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is unusual. Here, we characterized viral and immunological parameters in a subject presenting with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in the setting of prolonged primary HIV illness and delayed seroconversion. HIV antibody was only detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 12 months after presentation, and Western blot profiles remain indeterminate.