Development and validation of a prognostic model to predict birth weight: individual participant data meta-analysis.

Objective: To predict birth weight at various potential gestational ages of delivery based on data routinely available at the first antenatal visit.

Design: Individual participant data meta-analysis.

Data Sources: Individual participant data of four cohorts (237 228 pregnancies) from the International Prediction of Pregnancy Complications (IPPIC) network dataset.

Immunometabolic Blood Biomarkers of Developmental Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms: Findings From the ALSPAC Birth Cohort.

Studies of longitudinal trends of depressive symptoms in young people could provide insight into aetiologic mechanism, heterogeneity and origin of common cardiometabolic comorbidities for depression. Depression is associated with immunological and metabolic alterations, but immunometabolic characteristics of developmental trajectories of depressive symptoms remain unclear. Using depressive symptoms scores measured on 10 occasions between ages 10 and 25 years in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (n=7302), we identified four distinct trajectories: low-stable (70% of the sample), adolescent-limited (13%), adulthood-onset (10%) and adolescent-persistent (7%).

Childhood trauma as a mediator between autistic traits and depression: evidence from the ALSPAC birth cohort.

Background: Autism and autistic traits have been associated with greater risk of childhood trauma and adulthood psychopathology. However, the role that childhood trauma plays in the association between autism, autistic traits and depression in adulthood is poorly understood.

Methods: We used a UK-based birth cohort with phenotype and genotype data on autism, autistic traits, childhood trauma and depression in up to 9,659 individuals prospectively followed up from birth until age 28 years.

The impact of routines on emotional and behavioural difficulties in children and on parental anxiety during COVID-19.

Background: The Covid-19 pandemic and related public health measures, including lockdowns and school closures, have impacted on mental health of children.

Aims And Hypothesis: We hypothesised that there would be an association between maintaining a routine during lockdown and both lower emotional and behavioural difficulties in children and lower parental anxiety. Routine was taken as keeping to the same basic activities such as mealtimes and bedtimes.

Living alone and mental health: parallel analyses in UK longitudinal population surveys and electronic health records prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: People who live alone experience greater levels of mental illness; however, it is unclear whether the COVID-19 pandemic had a disproportionately negative impact on this demographic.

Objective: To describe the mental health gap between those who live alone and with others in the UK prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: Self-reported psychological distress and life satisfaction in 10 prospective longitudinal population surveys (LPSs) assessed in the nearest pre-pandemic sweep and three periods during the pandemic.

Keeping up with the kids: the value of co-production in the study of irritability in youth depression and its underlying neural circuitry.

Irritability is a core symptom of adolescent depression, characterized by an increased proneness to anger or frustration. Irritability in youth is associated with future mental health problems and impaired social functioning, suggesting that it may be an early indicator of emotion regulation difficulties. Adolescence is a period during which behavior is significantly impacted by one's environment.

Cross-cohort change in parent-reported emotional problem trajectories across childhood and adolescence in the UK.

Background: Over the past three decades, the prevalence of adolescent emotional problems (ie, anxiety and depression) has risen. Although the onset and developmental course of emotional symptoms shows high variability, no study has directly tested secular differences across development. Our aim was to investigate whether and how developmental trajectories of emotional problems have changed across generations.

Mental-health before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in adults with neurodevelopmental disorders.

The COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted mental health globally. Individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), including autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), are at elevated risk of mental health difficulties. We investigated the impact of the pandemic on anxiety, depression and mental wellbeing in adults with NDDs using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (n = 3058).

Antibody levels following vaccination against SARS-CoV-2: associations with post-vaccination infection and risk factors in two UK longitudinal studies.

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody levels can be used to assess humoral immune responses following SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination, and may predict risk of future infection. Higher levels of SARS-CoV-2 anti-Spike antibodies are known to be associated with increased protection against future SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, variation in antibody levels and risk factors for lower antibody levels following each round of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination have not been explored across a wide range of socio-demographic, SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination, and health factors within population-based cohorts.

Characterising patterns of COVID-19 and long COVID symptoms: evidence from nine UK longitudinal studies.

Multiple studies across global populations have established the primary symptoms characterising Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and long COVID. However, as symptoms may also occur in the absence of COVID-19, a lack of appropriate controls has often meant that specificity of symptoms to acute COVID-19 or long COVID, and the extent and length of time for which they are elevated after COVID-19, could not be examined. We analysed individual symptom prevalences and characterised patterns of COVID-19 and long COVID symptoms across nine UK longitudinal studies, totalling over 42,000 participants.

A genetically informed Registered Report on adverse childhood experiences and mental health.

Children who experience adversities have an elevated risk of mental health problems. However, the extent to which adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) cause mental health problems remains unclear, as previous associations may partly reflect genetic confounding. In this Registered Report, we used DNA from 11,407 children from the United Kingdom and the United States to investigate gene-environment correlations and genetic confounding of the associations between ACEs and mental health.

Maternal postnatal depression and offspring depression at age 24 years in a UK-birth cohort: the mediating role of maternal nurturing behaviours concerning feeding, crying and sleeping.

Maternal postnatal depression (PND) is a risk factor for offspring depression in adulthood. However, few longitudinal studies have examined the role of maternal nurturing parenting behaviours in the association between maternal PND and offspring depression in adulthood. We examined pathways from maternal PND measured using self-reported Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale at 8 weeks to offspring ICD-10 depression diagnosed using the Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised computerised assessment at 24 years through maternal-reported nurturing behaviours concerning feeding, sleeping and crying measured from pregnancy to age 3 years 6 months in 5,881 members of the UK-based birth cohort study, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children.

Early-life inflammatory markers and subsequent psychotic and depressive episodes between 10 to 28 years of age.

Inflammation is implicated in depression and psychosis, including association of childhood inflammatory markers on the subsequent risk of developing symptoms. However, it is unknown whether early-life inflammatory markers are associated with the number of depressive and psychotic symptoms from childhood to adulthood. Using the prospective Avon Longitudinal Study of Children and Parents birth cohort (N = up-to 6401), we have examined longitudinal associations of early-life inflammation [exposures: interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP) levels at age 9y; IL-6 and CRP DNA-methylation (DNAm) scores at birth and age 7y; and IL-6 and CRP polygenic risk scores (PRSs)] with the number of depressive episodes and psychotic experiences (PEs) between ages 10-28 years.

Comparing personalized brain-based and genetic risk scores for major depressive disorder in large population samples of adults and adolescents.

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a polygenic disorder associated with brain alterations but until recently, there have been no brain-based metrics to quantify individual-level variation in brain morphology. Here, we evaluated and compared the performance of a new brain-based 'Regional Vulnerability Index' (RVI) with polygenic risk scores (PRS), in the context of MDD. We assessed associations with syndromal MDD in an adult sample ( = 702, age = 59 ± 10) and with subclinical depressive symptoms in a longitudinal adolescent sample (baseline  = 3,825, age = 10 ± 1; 2-year follow-up  = 2,081, age = 12 ± 1).

Father absence and trajectories of offspring mental health across adolescence and young adulthood: Findings from a UK-birth cohort.

Background: High prevalence of parental separation and resulting biological father absence raises important questions regarding its impact on offspring mental health across the life course. We specifically examined whether these relationships vary by sex and the timing of exposure to father absence (early or middle childhood).

Methods: This study is based on up to 8409 children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC).