Adaptations to skeletal muscle with endurance exercise training in the acutely fed versus overnight-fasted state.

Minimising carbohydrate (CHO) status in the peri-training period may accelerate the training adaptations normally observed. The aim of this study was to compare adaptations to endurance training undertaken in the acutely CHO fed and overnight-fasted states. Eight female and six male untrained, healthy participants: aged 26.

C-type natriuretic peptide forms in the ovine fetal and maternal circulations: evidence for independent regulation and reciprocal response to undernutrition.

C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) has a crucial role in postnatal endochondral bone growth and is rapidly responsive to changes in nutrition. Although CNP is expressed in the placenta, little is known about the regulation and role of CNP in fetal-maternal health. We hypothesized that CNP may be similarly responsive to undernutrition in the growing fetus, in which maternal nutrition is crucial to normal growth and development.

Nutritional programming of adult disease.

Intrauterine and early neonatal life is a period of physiological plasticity, during which environmental influences may produce long-term effects. Both undernutrition and overnutrition during this period have been shown to change disease risk in adulthood. These effects are influenced by the type, timing and duration of inappropriate nutrition and by the previous nutritional environment and may not be reflected in changes in body size.