Associations of air pollution exposures in preconception and pregnancy with birth outcomes and infant neurocognitive development: analysis of the Complex Lipids in Mothers and Babies (CLIMB) prospective cohort in Chongqing, China.

Objectives: To investigate the associations of traffic-related air pollution exposures in early pregnancy with birth outcomes and infant neurocognitive development.

Design: Cohort study.

Setting: Eligible women attended six visits in the maternity clinics of two centres, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University and Chongqing Health Centre for Women and Children.

choroidal osteoma after laser photocoagulation of a peripapillary choroidal neovascular membrane.

We describe the case of a 76-year-old man who developed an asymptomatic choroidal osteoma in the left eye 10 years after receiving retinal laser photocoagulation for treatment of a peripapillary choroidal neovascular membrane. The choroidal osteoma presented as a progressively enlarging, well-circumscribed yellow lesion adjacent to the region of retinal fibrosis. Optical coherence tomography showed a choroidal lesion with superficial lamellations and ultrasonography demonstrated increased echogenicity.

Choroidal effusion as a manifestation of central serous chorioretinopathy: A case report.

Purpose: To report a case of bullous central serous chorioretinopathy presenting with large choroidal effusions.

Observations: A patient presented with typical features of bullous central serous chorioretinopathy with large choroidal effusions. He had a previous history of bullous central serous chorioretinopathy in his other eye.

Task sharing: situation analysis about capacity and resources for management of diabetic retinopathy in Pakistan.

Aim: To assess the capacity and resources of eye care facilities, using the WHO Health Systems Framework, to manage diabetic retinopathy (DR) through task sharing.

Methods: Using purposive sampling, four participants (administrators) from four selected hospitals in two provinces in Pakistan were recruited for this cross-sectional study. A survey, to assess the capacity and resources of the selected eye care facilities for the feasibility to adopt task sharing in management of DR to prevent vision loss, was emailed to participants who were asked to complete.

Task sharing in the eye care workforce: Screening, detection, and management of diabetic retinopathy in Pakistan. A case study.

Purpose: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a preventable cause of vision loss. Reducing vision loss due to DR and providing access to eye care services for people with diabetes have been severely constrained by a shortage in the number of ophthalmologists. This study aimed to explore the potential for task sharing in the eye care workforce for screening, detection, and management of DR.

Roles of the eye care workforce for task sharing in management of diabetic retinopathy in Cambodia.

Aim: To identify the current roles of eye and health care workers in eye care delivery and investigate their potential roles in screening and detection for management of diabetic retinopathy (DR) through task sharing.

Methods: Purposive sampling of 24 participants including health administrators, members from non-government organizations and all available eye care workers in Takeo province were recruited. This cross sectional mixed method study comprised a survey and in-depth interviews.

Preclinical profile of a dopamine D1 potentiator suggests therapeutic utility in neurological and psychiatric disorders.

DETQ, an allosteric potentiator of the dopamine D1 receptor, was tested in therapeutic models that were known to respond to D1 agonists. Because of a species difference in affinity for DETQ, all rodent experiments used transgenic mice expressing the human D1 receptor (hD1 mice). When given alone, DETQ reversed the locomotor depression caused by a low dose of reserpine.

Attitudes and perceptions of eye care workers and health administrators regarding task sharing in screening and detection for management of diabetic retinopathy in Pakistan.

Purpose: The shortage of ophthalmologists in many countries is a major barrier to timely provision of eye care. A team work approach to screen, detect and manage diabetic retinopathy (DR) could achieve greater screening coverage of people with diabetes to prevent vision loss. This study aimed to assess the attitudes and perceptions of eye care workers and health administrators regarding task sharing for management of DR.

Paracentral acute middle maculopathy as a finding in patients with severe vision loss following phacoemulsification cataract surgery.

Importance: Paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) diagnosed by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in patients with poor visual outcome post cataract surgery.

Background: Case series of severe vision loss due to PAMM after cataract surgery.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Solar retinopathy in children.

Purpose: To describe the visual acuity, fundus appearance, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) findings in 5 eyes of 3 children with foveal damage from solar retinopathy.

Methods: This was a prospective, observational case series of children who presented to the emergency department at the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital after having directly viewed the Sun during the transit of Venus on June 6, 2012, or the partial eclipse of the Sun on November 14, 2012. All patients underwent visual acuity testing, dilated fundus examination, and SD-OCT imaging.

Cardiovascular Adverse Effects of Phenylephrine Eyedrops: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Importance: Topical phenylephrine hydrochloride is routinely administered with few safety precautions, but evidence regarding its systemic safety to date is controversial. As even short-term variations in 24-hour blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) can adversely affect cardiovascular health, better evidence on phenylephrine's effects on HR and BP is required.

Objective: To perform a meta-analysis of available evidence regarding cardiovascular adverse effects of topical phenylephrine.

Accuracy of diabetic retinopathy screening by trained non-physician graders using non-mydriatic fundus camera.

Introduction: We compared the agreement of diabetic retinopathy (DR) assessment between trained non-physician graders (NPGs) and family physicians (FPs) in a primary healthcare setting.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted retrospectively over a period of one month. The participants were diabetic patients from two primary healthcare clinics (polyclinics) in Singapore.

Shared care for chronic eye diseases: perspectives of ophthalmologists, optometrists and patients.

Objective: To report the perspectives of optometrists, ophthalmologists and patients on a model of shared care for patients with chronic eye diseases.

Design, Setting And Participants: Qualitative study of a model of shared care between optometrists and ophthalmologists for patients with stable age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma, trialled by the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital in Melbourne during 2007–2009. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with optometrists, ophthalmologists and patients at completion of the project to obtain their perspectives on this model.

Reduction in BACE1 decreases body weight, protects against diet-induced obesity and enhances insulin sensitivity in mice.

Insulin resistance and impaired glucose homoeostasis are important indicators of Type 2 diabetes and are early risk factors of AD (Alzheimer's disease). An essential feature of AD pathology is the presence of BACE1 (β-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1), which regulates production of toxic amyloid peptides. However, whether BACE1 also plays a role in glucose homoeostasis is presently unknown.

Increased serum kallistatin levels in type 1 diabetes patients with vascular complications.

Background: Kallistatin, a serpin widely produced throughout the body, has vasodilatory, anti-angiogenic, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. Effects of diabetes and its vascular complications on serum kallistatin levels are unknown.

Methods: Serum kallistatin was quantified by ELISA in a cross-sectional study of 116 Type 1 diabetic patients (including 50 with and 66 without complications) and 29 non-diabetic controls, and related to clinical status and measures of oxidative stress and inflammation.

Mouse models of neurological disorders--a comparison of heritable and acquired traits.

Human neurological disorders include a wide range of illnesses which have a disproportionately high prevalence in the increasingly populous geriatric community. Any research effort directed at discovering the aetiology of neurological disease is greatly enhanced with in vivo models of the disease of interest. Scientific research incorporating the use of mice has advanced rapidly in the last three decades.

Association of retinal vessel calibre with diabetic retinopathy in an urban Australian indigenous population.

Purpose: To assess the relationship of retinal vessel diameter and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in a subgroup of participants recruited through the Darwin Region Urban Indigenous Diabetes study.

Methods: Participants were examined as part of the Darwin Region Urban Indigenous Diabetes study. All participants with gradable fundus photographs were included in the current analysis.