Correction: The Minimal Phenomenal Experience questionnaire (MPE-92M): Towards a phenomenological profile of "pure awareness" experiences in meditators.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

The Minimal Phenomenal Experience questionnaire (MPE-92M): Towards a phenomenological profile of "pure awareness" experiences in meditators.

Objective: To develop a fine-grained phenomenological analysis of "pure awareness" experiences in meditators.

Methods: An online survey in five language versions (German, English, French, Spanish, Italian) collected data from January to March 2020. A total of 92 questionnaire items on a visual analogue scale were submitted to exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.

Relationship between benzodiazepine prescription, aggressive behavior, and behavioral disinhibition: a retrospective study in a Swiss prison.

Background: Benzodiazepines are commonly prescribed in prisons amidst the controversies surrounding their potential role in causing behavioral disinhibition and aggressive behavior and their association with use and trafficking of illicit and addictive substances. The present study aimed to (1) ascertain the relationship between benzodiazepine prescription (including their dosage and duration of use) and aggressive behavior and behavioral disinhibition in prison and (2) investigate whether there was an association between benzodiazepine prescription, (including their dosage and duration of use) and using and trafficking illicit and addictive substances during imprisonment.

Methods: Data were extracted from the electronic database of an "open" Swiss prison (n = 1206, 1379 measures) over a 5-year period (2010-2015).

Fifteen years of heroin-assisted treatment in a Swiss prison-a retrospective cohort study.

Background: In the context of the current US opioid crisis and the compelling fact that a quarter to a third of all those addicted to heroin pass through its prisons and jails each year, the care of incarcerated opioid-using individuals (OUI) needs to be improved.

Aims: Little has been published on the effectiveness or outcomes of heroin-assisted treatment (HAT), a treatment option for severely dependent OUI delivered in a prison setting. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate such treatment since its implementation.

Online Survey of Medical and Psychological Professionals on Structured Instruments for the Assessment of Work Ability in Psychiatric Patients.

To evaluate perceived needs and difficulties related to instruments for assessing work ability in individuals with mental disorders. We conducted an online survey of 104 German-speaking medico-legal experts (forensic psychiatric and psychology experts, insurance physicians) and therapists. The large majority of respondents reported they would welcome a standardized, structured instrument for the assessment of work ability.

[ICD-11 posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in male prisoners].

Theoretical Background: The eleventh version of the ICD, expected to be published in 2018, leads to changed criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) according to the online beta version. Such changes are likely to affect previously known features of PTSD, including the prevalence rate. Little is known about the prevalence of ICD-11 PTSD in imprisoned men.

Status quo of German-speaking medical students' attitudes toward and knowledge about central aspects of forensic psychiatry across four European countries.

While forensic psychiatry is of increasing importance in mental health care, limited available evidence shows that attitudes toward the discipline are contradictory and that knowledge about it seems to be limited in medical students. We aimed to shed light on this subject by analyzing medical students' central attitudes toward and their association with knowledge about forensic psychiatry as well as with socio-demographic and education-specific predictor variables. We recruited N = 1345 medical students from 45 universities with a German language curriculum across four European countries (Germany, Switzerland, Austria and Hungary) by using an innovative approach, namely snowball sampling via Facebook.

Predicting Medical Students' Current Attitudes Toward Psychiatry, Interest in Psychiatry, and Estimated Likelihood of Working in Psychiatry: A Cross-Sectional Study in Four European Countries.

Psychiatry as a medical discipline is becoming increasingly important due to the high and increasing worldwide burden associated with mental disorders. Surprisingly, however, there is a lack of young academics choosing psychiatry as a career. Previous evidence on medical students' perspectives is abundant but has methodological shortcomings.

Duration of Absence from Work Is Related to Psychopathology, Personality, and Sociodemographic Variables in a Longitudinal Cohort.

Objective: To examine, in a non-clinical sample, the association of psychopathology, personality, sociodemographic information, and psychosocial indicators of non-occupational functioning with the duration of absence from work in the past 12 months.

Method: A longitudinal community cohort of 591 adults from Switzerland was analyzed using multilevel ordered logistic regression, with several alternative models as robustness checks. Psychopathology was assessed using the total score (Global Severity Index) of the Symptom Check List-90 Revised.

Interpersonal Sensitivity as a Mediator Between Cumulative Childhood Traumatic Events and Adult Sexual Disturbance.

Previous research has shown that cumulative childhood traumatic events are stronger predictors of sexual disturbances than childhood sexual abuse. Additional factors are likely to influence this relationship. Whereas socio-interpersonal factors such as interpersonal sensitivity have repeatedly been shown to be salutogenic in the aftermath of traumatic events, the specific underlying mechanisms are little understood.

Could Google Trends Be Used to Predict Methamphetamine-Related Crime? An Analysis of Search Volume Data in Switzerland, Germany, and Austria.

Objective: To compare the time trends of Google search interest in methamphetamine and criminal offences related to this drug.

Methods: Google Trends data for the search term "meth" was compared to methamphetamine-related crime statistics (incl. use, possession, and dealing) in Switzerland, Germany, and Austria for the years 2004-2016.

Event-Related Potentials for Diagnosing Children and Adults With ADHD.

The diagnosis of ADHD is based on behavioral criteria, which allow for subjective variability and invite criticism regarding the reality of the disorder. In this situation, more objective criteria would be desirable. We review the scientific literature for diagnostic tests based on event-related potentials (ERPs).

Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Associations between subtype and lifetime substance use - a clinical study.

ADHD is the one of the most prevalent childhood disorders and has been associated with impairments persisting into adulthood. Specifically, childhood ADHD is an independent clinical risk factor for the development of later substance use disorders (SUD). Moreover, adults who meet diagnostic criteria for ADHD have shown high rates of comorbid SUDs.

Temperamental differences between bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: some implications for their diagnostic validity.

Background: The relationship between borderline personality disorder (BPD), bipolar disorder (BD), and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) requires further elucidation.

Methods: Seventy-four adult psychiatric in- and out-patients, each of them having received one of these diagnoses on clinical assessment, were interviewed and compared in terms of diagnostic overlap, age and sex distribution, comorbid substance, anxiety and eating disorders, and affective temperament.

Results: Diagnostic overlap within the three disorders was 54%.

Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and nicotine use: a qualitative study of patient perceptions.

Background: Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is associated with high rates of comorbid substance use disorders, and cigarette smoking has a particularly high prevalence in this population. However, there is an ongoing debate as to whether this tobacco use is an attempt at "self-medication" or due to behavioral disinhibition. There is a surprising lack of qualitative studies that investigate the subjective perceptions of adults with ADHD regarding cigarette smoking.

Transcultural validity of the Hypomania Checklist-32 (HCL-32) in patients with major depressive episodes.

Objectives: There is mounting evidence that current diagnostic systems inadequately recognize clinically relevant levels of hypomania in depressed patients, thereby leading to an under-diagnosis of bipolar disorders and the associated risk of treatment that is inappropriate or may actually worsen illness course. The Hypomania Checklist-32 revised version 2 (HCL-32-R2) is a self-rating scale for hypomanic symptoms specifically developed to address this problem. The goal of this study was to assess the transcultural validity of the HCL-32-R2.

The role of genetic information in personalized medicine.

Personalized medicine is the latest promise of a gene-centered biomedicine to provide treatments custom-tailored to the specific needs of patients. Although surrounded by much hype, personalized medicine at present lacks the empirical and theoretical foundations necessary to render it a realistic long-term perspective. In particular, the role of genetic data and the relationship between causal understanding, prediction, prevention, and treatment of a disease need clarifying.

A prospective population-based cohort study of the prevalence, incidence and impact of obsessive-compulsive symptomatology.

Objective: Prospective longitudinal studies of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and sub-diagnostic obsessive-compulsive symptomatology in the non-clinical population, using age-defined cohorts, are rare. This study aimed to investigate the effect of OC symptoms on distress and psychosocial function and the effect of early-onset OC symptoms.

Methods: 591 subjects drawn from the general population of Zurich, Switzerland were interviewed seven times between 1979 (at age 20/21) and 2008 (age 49/50).

Mortality of 403 patients with mood disorders 48 to 52 years after their psychiatric hospitalisation.

The purpose is to analyse differences in mortality among patients with major depressive disorders (MDD), bipolar-II (BP-II), bipolar-I (BP-I) disorders and mania with or without minor depressive disorders and to identify risk factors of mortality. The sample represents all admissions for depression or mania over 5 years (1959-1963) to the Psychiatric Hospital of Zurich University, serving a large area. 403 patients were included and followed up every 5 years until 1985; thereafter, mortality data were collected repeatedly until 2009 when 352 (87 %) patients had died.

Prediction of psilocybin response in healthy volunteers.

Responses to hallucinogenic drugs, such as psilocybin, are believed to be critically dependent on the user's personality, current mood state, drug pre-experiences, expectancies, and social and environmental variables. However, little is known about the order of importance of these variables and their effect sizes in comparison to drug dose. Hence, this study investigated the effects of 24 predictor variables, including age, sex, education, personality traits, drug pre-experience, mental state before drug intake, experimental setting, and drug dose on the acute response to psilocybin.

A new rating scale for adult ADHD based on the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90-R).

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults is increasingly recognized as a clinically important syndrome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric performance of a new scale for adult ADHD based on the widely used Symptom Checklist 90 Revised (SCL-90-R). Scale performance was assessed in a clinical study including 100 ADHD patients and 65 opiate-dependent patient controls, and in the Zurich study, an epidemiological age cohort followed over 30 years of adult life.

Identifying features of bipolarity in patients with first-episode postpartum depression: findings from the international BRIDGE study.

Objectives: The aims of this study were to assess rates of bipolar spectrum disorders in women experiencing their first episode of postpartum depression, and to find out features indicative of bipolarity in these patients.

Methods: As part of the international BRIDGE study designed to detect hypo/mania in patients with a major depressive episode, 52 (5.85%) were found to experience a first episode of postpartum (FEPP) depression, whereas 833 (94.

Magnitude, impact, and stability of primary headache subtypes: 30 year prospective Swiss cohort study.

Objective: To determine the prevalence, impact, and stability of different subtypes of headache in a 30 year prospective follow-up study of a general population sample.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: Canton of Zurich, Switzerland.

Prevalence and characteristics of undiagnosed bipolar disorders in patients with a major depressive episode: the BRIDGE study.

Context: Major depressive disorder, the most common psychiatric illness, is often chronic and a major cause of disability. Many patients with major depressive episodes who have an underlying but unrecognized bipolar disorder receive pharmacologic treatment with ineffective regimens that do not include mood stabilizers.

Objective: To determine the frequency of bipolar disorder symptoms in patients seeking treatment for a major depressive episode.