Increased Systemic Immune-Inflammatory Index and Association with Occult Nodal Disease in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: It has been proposed that more aggressive tumors trigger a stronger inflammatory response than less aggressive types. We hypothesize that systemic immune inflammatory index (SII) is associated with occult nodal disease (OND) in clinically node negative (cN0) patients undergoing lung resection for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Study Design: The study included patients who underwent lung resection with nodal dissection, according to current guidelines, at a single center between 2010-2021 for NSCLC.

BIS Guided Titration of Sevoflurane in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Elective Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: In pediatric patients, the use of processed EEG monitoring may reduce the amount of anesthesia administered while maintaining adequate depth of anesthesia.

Aims: The primary aim of this study was to evaluate whether use of a BIS monitor to guide sevoflurane administration might reduce the average end tidal sevoflurane concentration used in children 4-18 years of age.

Methods: Participants in three age groups (4-8, 9-12, and 13-18 years) were randomized to either the BIS guided group or the control group.

Multicentre analysis of severe perioperative adverse events in children undergoing surgery who were infected with SARS-CoV-2: a propensity score-adjusted analysis.

Background: The incidence of severe adverse events in children with SARS-CoV-2 undergoing anaesthesia has not been well established. We examined the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe perioperative adverse events in children.

Methods: This multicentre (21 North American institutions), retrospective cohort study included children <18 years old, with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status (ASA PS) of 1-4 and non-severe SARS-CoV-2, who underwent general anaesthesia between April 1, 2020, and March 31, 2021.

Women are Underrepresented in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: To perform a systematic review of clinical trials examining non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to better understand the equity afforded to women in the study of lung cancer.

Methods: An electronic search was conducted for all NSCLC clinical trials published between 2010 and 2020 with included words "carcinoma, non-small cell, lung" and "non-small cell lung cancer." Studies from PubMed, Cochrane, and SCOPUS were included and were uploaded into Covidence to assist with systematic review.

Arterial structure and function in children with inflammatory bowel disease.

Background And Aim: People with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, including in younger adulthood. This may arise in part from chronic, systemic low-grade inflammation. The process of atherosclerosis may begin in childhood.

Pericardioesophageal fistulae after left atrial ablation: a case series.

Pericardioesophageal fistula is an uncommon, yet serious complication that can occur after left atrial ablation for cardiac arrhythmias. Timing of this complication is variable; however, it has been reported to occur from a week to over a month post-ablation. The incidence of this complication after ablation is <0.

Artificial Intelligence: A Mighty Adjunct for Caries Detection.

Articifial intelligence (AI) is impacting many aspects of people's lives today. In fields such as finance, manufacturing, agriculture, insurance, education, and healthcare, AI has been commissioned to cut costs, increase efficiency, and improve accuracy. Like many innovations, the use of AI can have both positive and potentially negative consequences.

Conditional survival analysis of patients with resected non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Conditional survival (CS) analyses provide an estimate of survival accounting for years already survived after treatment. We aim to evaluate the difference between actuarial and conditional survival in patients following lung resection for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In addition, CS analyses are used to examine whether prognosticators of survival change over time following surgery.

Long-term outcomes of liver transplantation for homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia in Australia and New Zealand.

Background And Aims: Homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) causes severe cardiovascular disease from childhood. Conventional drug therapy is usually ineffective; lipoprotein apheresis (LA) is often required. Liver transplantation (LT) can correct the metabolic defect but is considered a treatment of last resort.

Co prescription of anti-acid therapy reduces the bioavailability of mycophenolate mofetil in systemic sclerosis patients: A crossover trial.

Objective: Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is an effective treatment option for interstitial lung disease (ILD) in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Many patients require co-administration of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) or H2 receptor blockers (HRB) because of various gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations in SSc. Co-treatment with PPI or HRB have shown to reduce serum drug levels in post-transplant patients.

Association between preoperative respiratory symptoms and perioperative respiratory adverse events in pediatric patients with positive viral testing.

Study Objective: To determine the association between the presence of upper respiratory tract viral infection symptoms and occurrence of perioperative respiratory adverse events (PRAE) in children with positive viral screening, and to analyze the risk of PRAE in children with SARS-CoV-2 compared to non-SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Design: A prospective cohort study.

Setting: A tertiary, freestanding pediatric hospital in Dallas, Texas.

Efficacy and safety of curcumin in maintaining remission during disease-modifying antirheumatic drug withdrawal in rheumatoid arthritis at 52 weeks: a phase III double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial.

Curcumin has anti-inflammatory properties but current evidence is limited to advocate its use in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We explored whether curcumin could maintain remission in patients with RA while tapering conventional synthetic Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (csDMARD). In this patient-and investigator-blinded trial, adults with RA in sustained remission for more than six months were randomized to oral curcumin (1 g) with piperine (5 mg) twice daily or matching placebo.

Low-Dose Computed Tomography Scan Features Are Associated With Annual Risk of Hospitalization.

Background: The objective of this study was to investigate whether lung cancer screening low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) can be used to identify features associated with increased risk of hospitalization during the subsequent year.

Methods: Patients who underwent lung cancer screening between 2015 and 2020 with at least 1-year follow-up were identified. Patient charts were examined and LDCT scans were analyzed using body segmentation software to identify characteristics potentially associated with frailty and injury.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children.

Inflammatory bowel disease is an important cause of chronic diarrhea in children, with a rising incidence, globally. The two main subtypes include Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The clinical features are variable, and diagnosis requires initial first-line investigations followed by the involvement of specialist input for targeted imaging and endoscopy with biopsy, to confirm the diagnosis.

Medical Management of Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease (PIBD) in the Asia Pacific Region: A Position Paper by the Asian Pan-Pacific Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (APPSPGHAN) PIBD Working Group.

Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) is rising rapidly in many industrialised and affluent areas in the Asia Pacific region. Current available guidelines, mainly from Europe and North America, may not be completely applicable to clinicians caring for children with PIBD in this region due to differences in disease characteristics and regional resources constraints. This position paper is an initiative from the Asian Pan-Pacific Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (APPSPGHAN) with the aim of providing an up-to-date, evidence-based approach to PIBD in the Asia Pacific region, taking into consideration the unique disease characteristics and financial resources available in this region.

The association between thoracic sarcopenia and survival is gender specific in early-stage lung cancer.

Background: Sarcopenia, as measured at the 3rd lumbar (L3) level, has been shown to prognosticate survival in cancer patients. However, many patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) do not undergo abdominal imaging. We hypothesized that preoperative thoracic sarcopenia is associated with survival in patients undergoing lung resection for early-stage NSCLC.

Management and monitoring of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease in the Asia-Pacific region: A position paper by the Asian Pan-Pacific Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (APPSPGHAN) PIBD Working Group: Surgical management, disease monitoring, and special considerations.

Disease phenotype of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) in children from the Asia-Pacific region differs from that of children from the West. Many parts of Asia are endemic for tuberculosis, making diagnosis and management of pediatric Crohn's disease a challenge. Current available guidelines, mainly from Europe and North America, may not be completely applicable to clinicians caring for children with PIBD in Asia due to differences in disease characteristics and regional resource constraints.

Use of Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Large Single Centre Study.

Purpose: Low bone mineral density (BMD) is a complication in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). There are limited data evaluating dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as a screening tool for low BMD in children with IBD. We performed a single site retrospective analysis of DXA use.

Youth Psychiatric Hospitalization in Israel during COVID-19: A Multi-Center Study.

During the COVID-19 pandemic there have been numerous reports of increases in psychiatric morbidity and a deterioration of status among existing patients. There is little information about how this increase has affected youth and rates of adolescent psychiatric hospitalization. Our study was aimed at examining trends in youth psychiatric hospitalization during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Predicting Non-home Discharge After Lung Surgery: Analysis of the General Thoracic Surgery Database.

Background: Anticipating the need for non-home discharge (NHD) enables improved patient counseling and expedites placement, potentially reducing length of stay and hospital readmission. The objective of this study was to create a simple, preoperative, clinical prediction tool for NHD using The Society of Thoracic Surgeons General Thoracic Surgery Database (STS GTSD).

Methods: The STS GTSD was queried for patients who underwent elective anatomic lung cancer resection between 2009 and 2019.

Impact of ulcerative colitis on liver-related outcomes of children with primary sclerosing cholangitis.

Aim: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic progressive cholestatic disorder associated with ulcerative colitis (UC). Although the inflammatory bowel disease phenotype has been characterised in patients with PSC, the impact of UC on the course and progression of PSC-UC is less clear. We aimed to evaluate the effects of UC on liver-related outcomes in children with PSC.

Comparing Effectiveness of a Generic Oral Nutritional Supplement With Specialized Formula in the Treatment of Active Pediatric Crohn's Disease.

Background: Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) is the recommended induction treatment of mild to moderate active pediatric Crohn's disease (CD). This study compared outcomes of 2 proprietary polymeric formulas. Treatment effectiveness was examined along with practical aspects of formula delivery and differences in estimated treatment costs.