Evaluation of source water protection strategies: a fuzzy-based model.

Source water protection (SWP) is an important step in the implementation of a multi-barrier approach that ensures the delivery of safe drinking water. Available decision-making models for SWP primarily use complex mathematical formulations that require large data sets to perform analysis, which limit their use. Moreover, most of them cannot handle interconnection and redundancy among the parameters, or missing information.

Modeling of heterotrophic bacteria counts in a water distribution system.

Heterotrophic plate count (HPC) constitutes a common indicator for monitoring of microbiological water quality in distribution systems (DS). This paper aims to identify factors explaining the spatiotemporal distribution of heterotrophic bacteria and model their occurrence in the distribution system. The case under study is the DS of Quebec City, Canada.