RAD51 Mediates Resistance of Cancer Stem Cells to PARP Inhibition in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Introduction: PARP inhibitors have shown promising results in early studies for treatment of breast cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA)-deficient breast cancers; however, resistance ultimately develops. Furthermore, the benefit of PARP inhibitors (PARPi) in triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) remains unknown. Recent evidence indicates that in TNBCs, cells that display "cancer stem cell" properties are resistant to conventional treatments, mediate tumor metastasis, and contribute to recurrence.

Up in Arms: Bilateral Luxatio Erecta Fracture-Dislocations.

Inferior dislocation (luxatio erecta) is the most uncommon form of dislocation of the glenohumeral joint. The chance that a person endures the specific direction of forces to dislocate both shoulders simultaneously makes bilateral luxatio erecta even more uncommon. In this article, we report the case of a man who sustained bilateral luxatio erecta when he jumped from a falling scaffold and tried grabbing onto another structure.

Six Degrees of Auditory Spatial Separation.

The location of a sound is derived computationally from acoustical cues rather than being inherent in the topography of the input signal, as in vision. Since Lord Rayleigh, the descriptions of that representation have swung between "labeled line" and "opponent process" models. Employing a simple variant of a two-point separation judgment using concurrent speech sounds, we found that spatial discrimination thresholds changed nonmonotonically as a function of the overall separation.