Transient global amnesia with unexpected clinical and radiological findings: A case series and systematic review.

Background: Transient global amnesia (TGA) represents a benign neurological syndrome of unknown pathophysiology, often accompanied by vanishing hippocampal punctate diffusion-weighted imaging lesions (HPDL). The literature suggests that TGA may present with unusual features. This study analyses atypical clinical and radiological manifestations of patients with TGA and/or HPDL.

Diffusion Restricted Lesions in the Splenium of the Corpus Callosum.

Background/aim: Various neurological disorders are associated with lesions predominantly or exclusively affecting the splenium of the corpus callosum (CC), such as Marchiafava-Bignami syndrome (MBS), reversible splenium lesion (RSL), and ischemic stroke (IS). The spectrum of symptoms is broad and clinical presentations may be indistinguishable. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the additional value of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) findings of splenial lesions in patients with MBS, RSL, and IS.

Intrinsic photogeneration of long-lived charges in a donor-orthogonal acceptor conjugated polymer.

Efficient charge photogeneration in conjugated polymers typically requires the presence of a second component to act as electron acceptor. Here, we report a novel low band-gap conjugated polymer with a donor/orthogonal acceptor motif: poly-2,6-(4,4-dihexadecyl-4-cyclopenta [2,1-:3,4-']dithiophene)--2,6-spiro [cyclopenta[2,1-:3,4-']dithiophene-4,9'-fluorene]-2',7'-dicarbonitrile, referred to as . The role of the orthogonal acceptor is to spatially isolate the LUMO from the HOMO, allowing for negligible exchange energy between electrons in these orbitals and minimising the energy gap between singlet and triplet charge transfer states.

MRI topography of lesions related to internuclear ophthalmoplegia in patients with multiple sclerosis or ischemic stroke.

Background And Purpose: Internuclear ophthalmoplegia is a dysfunction of conjugate eye movements, caused by lesions affecting the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF). Multiple sclerosis (MS) and ischemic stroke represent the most common pathophysiologies. While magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows for localizing lesions affecting the MLF, comprehensive comparative studies exploring potential different spatial characteristics of lesions affecting the MLF are missing until now.

Crossed Cerebellar Diaschisis in Alzheimer's Disease Detected by Arterial Spin-labelling Perfusion MRI.

Background: Crossed cerebellar diaschisis (CCD) is a phenomenon with depressed metabolism and hypoperfusion in the cerebellum. Using arterial spin-labelling perfusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (ASL PWI), we investigated the frequency of CCD in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and differences between patients with and without CCD.

Patients And Methods: In patients with AD who underwent a standardized magnetic resonance imaging including ASL PWI cerebral blood flow was evaluated in the cerebellum, and brain segmentation/volumetry was performed using mdbrain (mediaire GmbH, Berlin, Germany) and FSL FIRST (Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain Software Library).

FLAIR Vascular Hyperintensities Indicate Slow Poststenotic Blood Flow in ICA Stenosis.

Purpose: Occlusion or significant stenosis of the internal carotid artery (ICA) in the cervical segment is commonly associated with a poststenotic decrease in the downstream blood flow and perfusion. Fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) vascular hyperintensities (FVH) are a phenomenon that represents slow arterial blood flow. In this study, we investigated the frequency and extent of FVH in the distal ICA in patients with proximal ICA stenosis.

Gadolinium leakage in ocular structures in optic neuritis.

Background: We investigated the frequency of blood-retina barrier impairment in optic neuritis (ON) using gadolinium leakage in ocular structures (GLOS), a novel imaging marker on contrast enhanced fluid attenuated inversion recovery images (FLAIR).

Methods: In 12 patients with acute ON who underwent repeated MRI the presence of GLOS was noted on contrast-enhanced FLAIR.

Results: Bilateral GLOS was observed in 4 (33.

Longitudinal MRI findings in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma after intraoperative radiotherapy.

Background And Purpose: Post-radiation treatment effects (pseudoprogression/radionecrosis) may bias MRI-based tumor response evaluation. To understand these changes specifically after high doses of radiotherapy, we analyzed MRIs of patients enrolled in the INTRAGO study (NCT02104882), a phase I/II dose-escalation trial of intraoperative radiotherapy (20-40 Gy) in glioblastoma.

Methods: INTRAGO patients were evaluated and compared to control patients who received standard therapy with focus on contrast enhancement patterns/volume, T2 lesion volume, and mean rCBV.

Gadolinium Leakage in Ocular Structures Is Common in Lacunar Infarction.

Background and Purpose- We investigated the frequency and pattern of blood-brain barrier, as well as blood-retina barrier, impairment in acute lacunar infarction as demonstrated by hyperintense acute reperfusion marker and gadolinium leakage in ocular structures (GLOS), respectively, on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images. Methods- Acute lacunar infarction patients who underwent repeated magnetic resonance imaging after intravenous contrast agent administration were identified and the presence of GLOS in the anterior chamber and vitreous body and hyperintense acute reperfusion marker noted on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery. Results- Overall, 24 acute lacunar infarction patients (median age 64.

Heterogeneity of glioblastoma with gliomatosis cerebri growth pattern on diffusion and perfusion MRI.

Background And Purpose: Gliomatosis cerebri (GC) is a rare growth pattern of glioblastoma whose diffuse nature is reflected by unspecific, relatively uniform findings on conventional MRI. In the present study we sought to evaluate the additional value of diffusion (DWI) and perfusion weighted (PWI) MRI for a more detailed characterization.

Methods: We analyzed the MRI findings in patients with histologically proven glioblastoma with GC growth pattern with a specific emphasis on T2 lesion pattern, volume, relative apparent diffusion coefficient (rACD), and relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) and compared these to age-/gender-matched patients with localized glioblastoma.

Assessment of collateral blood flow in patients with distal branch occlusion of the middle cerebral artery.

Purpose: Aim of this study was to evaluate the collateral blood flow between more distal branches of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in the case of peripheral MCA branch occlusion on dynamic 4D angiograms. We sought to individually predict the finally resulting infarction volume with regard to the extent of collateral blood flow.

Methods: Overall, 35 acute ischemic stroke patients with peripheral MCA branch occlusion were included.

Susceptibility Vessel Sign on T2*-Weighted Gradient Echo Imaging in Lacunar Infarction.

Background/aim: In stroke due to large vessel occlusion, thrombotic material can be demonstrated by the susceptibility vessel sign (SVS), a hypointense signal on T2*-weighted gradient echo magnetic resonance (GRE) images. In the present study, we evaluated the value of GRE for the detection of perforating artery occlusion in hyperacute lacunar infarction (LI).

Materials And Methods: The presence of SVS on GRE in 58 patients with LI who underwent magnetic resonance imaging within 24 hours after symptom onset was analyzed.

Objective Comparison Using Guideline-based Query of Conventional Radiological Reports and Structured Reports.

Background: This feasibility study of text-mining-based scoring algorithm provides an objective comparison of structured reports (SR) and conventional free-text reports (cFTR) by means of guideline-based key terms. Furthermore, an open-source online version of this ranking algorithm was provided with multilingual text-retrieval pipeline, customizable query and real-time-scoring.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-five patients with suspected stroke and magnetic resonance imaging were re-assessed by two independent/blinded readers [inexperienced: 3 years; experienced >6 years/Board-certified).

Study Protocol: Early Stereotactic Gamma Knife Radiosurgery to Residual Tumor After Surgery of Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma (Gamma-GBM).

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor in adult patients. Tumor recurrence commonly occurs around the resection cavity, especially after subtotal resection (STR). Consequently, the extent of resection correlates with overall survival (OS), suggesting that depletion of postoperative tumor remnants will improve outcome.

Contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed FLAIR for the characterization of leptomeningeal inflammation in optic neuritis.

Background: Leptomeningeal contrast enhancement on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images has been reported in patients with multiple sclerosis and interpreted as a biomarker of inflammation. In this study, we sought to evaluate this phenomenon in patients with optic neuritis (ON).

Methods: A total of 42 patients with suspected ON were included in this prospective study and underwent a dedicated study magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol including native and contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed thin-section axial and coronal FLAIR images on an 1.

Anatomical distribution of cerebral microbleeds and intracerebral hemorrhage in vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia.

Objectives: Vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia (VBD) is a dilatative arteriopathy associated with intracerebral hemorrhage. In the present study, we sought to evaluate the frequency and anatomical distribution of cerebral microbleeds (cMBs) and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in VBD.

Methods: From a MRI database 94 VBD patients were identified and analyzed with special emphasis on cMBs and ICH on T2*-weighted gradient echo images (GRE) in relation to the established diagnostic MRI criteria of VBD (diameter, height, and lateral position).

Separating Symptomatic Alzheimer's Disease from Depression based on Structural MRI.

Older patients with depression or Alzheimer's disease (AD) at the stage of early dementia or mild cognitive impairment may present with objective cognitive impairment, although the pathology and thus therapy and prognosis differ substantially. In this study, we assessed the potential of an automated algorithm to categorize a test set of 65 T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance images (MRI). A convenience sample of elderly individuals fulfilling clinical criteria of either AD (n = 28) or moderate and severe depression (n = 37) was recruited from different settings to assess the potential of the pattern recognition method to assist in the differential diagnosis of AD versus depression.

Combination of standard axial and thin-section coronal diffusion-weighted imaging facilitates the diagnosis of brainstem infarction.

Background And Purpose: Although diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is a very sensitive technique for the detection of small ischemic lesions in the human brain, in particular in the brainstem it may fail to demonstrate acute ischemic infarction. In this study, we sought to evaluate the value of additional thin-section coronal DWI for the detection of brainstem infarction.

Methods: In 155 consecutive patients (median age 69 [interquartile range, IQR 57-78] years, 95 [61.

FLAIR vascular hyperintensities and 4D MR angiograms for the estimation of collateral blood flow in anterior cerebral artery ischemia.

Purpose: To assess FLAIR vascular hyperintensities (FVH) and dynamic (4D) angiograms derived from perfusion raw data as proposed magnetic resonance (MR) imaging markers of leptomeningeal collateral circulation in patients with ischemia in the territory of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA).

Methods: Forty patients from two tertiary care university hospitals were included. Infarct volumes and perfusion deficits were manually measured on DWI images and TTP maps, respectively.

Incidence, Locations, and Longitudinal Course of Cerebral Microbleeds in European Moyamoya.

Background And Purpose: Cerebral microbleeds (cMBs) have previously been linked with especially high incidence in Asian patients with moyamoya together with high tendency to bleed. This, presumably, is characteristic of patients with moyamoya. Herein, we, therefore, investigate retrospectively the frequency, location, and longitudinal course of cMBs in a large German cohort.

Intra-individual diagnostic image quality and organ-specific-radiation dose comparison between spiral cCT with iterative image reconstruction and z-axis automated tube current modulation and sequential cCT.

Objectives: To prospectively evaluate image quality and organ-specific-radiation dose of spiral cranial CT (cCT) combined with automated tube current modulation (ATCM) and iterative image reconstruction (IR) in comparison to sequential tilted cCT reconstructed with filtered back projection (FBP) without ATCM.

Methods: 31 patients with a previous performed tilted non-contrast enhanced sequential cCT aquisition on a 4-slice CT system with only FBP reconstruction and no ATCM were prospectively enrolled in this study for a clinical indicated cCT scan. All spiral cCT examinations were performed on a 3rd generation dual-source CT system using ATCM in z-axis direction.

Hyperintense Acute Reperfusion Marker on FLAIR in Posterior Circulation Infarction.

Purpose: In the present study, we aimed to investigate the frequency of blood brain barrier injury in posterior circulation infarction as demonstrated by the hyperintense acute reperfusion marker (HARM) on fluid attenuated inversion recovery images (FLAIR).

Methods: From a MRI report database we identified patients with posterior circulation infarction who underwent MRI, including perfusion-weighted images (PWI), within 12 hours after onset and follow-up MRI within 24 hours and analyzed diffusion-weighted images (DWI), PWI, FLAIR, and MR angiography (MRA). On FLAIR images, the presence of HARM was noted by using pre-specified criteria (focal enhancement in the subarachnoid space and/or the ventricles).