Identifying Discrepancies in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Postpartum Follow-Up During Care Transitions.

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common complication of pregnancy that carries lasting risks. For women who have a history of GDM, the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases by 50 to 60%. To monitor and prevent the development of T2DM, guidelines suggest screening those with a history of GDM at 6-weeks and 3-years post-delivery.

Pharmacokinetics of nevirapine in HIV-infected infants weighing 3 kg to less than 6 kg taking paediatric fixed dose combination tablets.

Objectives: To evaluate pharmacokinetics of nevirapine, lamivudine and stavudine in HIV-infected Zambian infants receiving fixed dose combination (FDC) antiretroviral tablets (Triomune Baby).

Design: Phase I/II study.

Methods: Sixteen HIV-infected children at least 1 month, weighing 3 kg to less than 6 kg were enrolled.

Pediatric underdosing of efavirenz: a pharmacokinetic study in Uganda.

Objectives: To evaluate international pediatric efavirenz dosing recommendations using full pharmacokinetic (PK) information.

Design: Open-label, multicenter, PK study.

Methods: Forty-one HIV-infected Ugandan children (3-12 years) on efavirenz + lamivudine + abacavir were enrolled in a study of twice-daily to once-daily lamivudine + abacavir 36 weeks after antiretroviral therapy initiation in the ARROW trial.

Excellent adherence to antiretrovirals in HIV+ Zambian children is compromised by disrupted routine, HIV nondisclosure, and paradoxical income effects.

Introduction: A better understanding of pediatric antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence in sub-Saharan Africa is necessary to develop interventions to sustain high levels of adherence.

Methodology/principal Findings: Adherence among 96 HIV-infected Zambian children (median age 6, interquartile range [IQR] 2,9) initiating fixed-dose combination ART was measured prospectively (median 23 months; IQR 20,26) with caregiver report, clinic and unannounced home-based pill counts, and medication event monitoring systems (MEMS). HIV-1 RNA was determined at 48 weeks.