Balance evaluation in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without peripheral neuropathy.

Background And Aims: Peripheral Diabetic Neuropathy (PDN) is the major complication of diabetes, and sensory-motor impairments can compromise balance, increasing the risk of falls and consequently can lead to functional disability. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the sensory and motor aspects of balance in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without PDN.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study which analyzed balance in 51 individuals, divided into three groups: G1 - individuals with Peripheral Diabetic Neuropathy; G2 - individuals with diabetics and without PDN; and G3 - individuals without Diabetes Mellitus.

Behavior of neuropathy symptom score and neuropathy disability score in patients with and without peripheral diabetic neuropathy: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: This study aimed to stablish cut-off of early diagnosis of diabetic polyneuropathy (PDN) based on neuropathy symptom score (NSS) and neuropathy disability score (NDS); to determine the behavior of NDD and NDS in patients with and without PDN; and to verify the association between clinical and demographic variables with both tests.

Methods: This retrospective cohort included 86 patients with diabetes. The NSS and NDS evaluations were collected in medical records in two moments: initial (entry into service) and final (after three years).

Decreased functional mobility in individuals with mild to moderate expanded disability status from relapsing multiple sclerosis: Analysis of the Glittre-ADL test.

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease that significantly limits an individual's activities of daily living (ADLs) and negatively affects their social participation as it progresses. The impact of activities and participation must be continuously assessed, and the Glittre-ADL is a validated test for MS to assess functional capacity in tasks similar to ADLs.

Objective: To evaluate whether the Glittre-ADL test is a valid method for assessing functional mobility in individuals with MS and moderate disability or those who use assistive devices.

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy triggered by COVID-19 in a previously asymptomatic person living with undiagnosed HIV infection.

This report presents the case of a 47-year-old male patient who worked as a mathematics teacher and experienced the sudden onset of disorientation, aphasia, and acalculia during an online class. The current study reveals the first documented case of HIV and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with the detection of SARS-CoV-2 and human polyomavirus 2 (previously known as John Cunningham virus) in the cerebrospinal fluid. Furthermore, serum analysis revealed elevated concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17, and IL-8, which are potential factors known to reduce the expression of tight junctions and adhesion molecules in the extracellular matrix, thereby affecting the permeability of the blood-brain barrier.

Role of Cytokines, Chemokines and IFN-γ IL-17 Double-Positive CD4 T Cells in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis is mediated by self-reactive myelin T and B cells that lead to axonal and myelin damage. The immune response in multiple sclerosis involves the participation of CD4 T cells that produce cytokines and chemokines. This participation is important to find markers for the diagnosis and progression of the disease.