Catalytic Olefin Transpositions Facilitated by Ruthenium N,N,N-Pincer Complexes.

In this report, we demonstrate olefin transposition/isomerization reactions catalyzed by a series of -pincer (1,3-bis(2-pyridylimino)isoindoline) Ru-hydride complexes. The protocol proceeds at room temperature for most substrates, achieving excellent yields, regioselectivity, and diastereoselectivity in short reaction times. The air-stable Ru-chloride derivatives of these complexes exhibit comparable reactivity enabling benchtop setup and synthetic versatility.

Association of Perioperative Antibiotics with the Prevention of Postoperative Fistula after Cleft Palate Repair.

Background: There is debate amongst surgeons regarding the use of antibiotics to prevent fistulae after palatoplasty. Prescribing should be evidence based, as antibiotic stewardship is integral to reducing antibiotic resistance. Our aim was to determine whether differing perioperative regimens affect the prevalence of postoperative fistulae.

Single-Step Synthesis of γ-Ketoacids through a Photoredox-Catalyzed Dual Decarboxylative Coupling of α-Oxo Acids and Maleic Anhydrides.

A photocatalytic methodology for the single step synthesis of γ-ketoacids from α-ketoacids has been developed. This method employs maleic anhydrides as traceless synthetic equivalents of acrylic acids, achieving a selective cross-coupling via a dual decarboxylative strategy, where molecular CO is released as the only waste byproduct. The method has also been expanded to incorporate a highly regioselective, 3-component coupling with various alcohols to access functionalized γ-ketoesters.

Azathioprine-Induced Hypersensitivity Vasculitis.

Vasculitic skin rash is a rare but known manifestation of azathioprine hypersensitivity reactions, with several published case reports. In this report, we describe the case of a 63-year-old man on azathioprine for autoimmune hepatitis, who developed a delayed systemic hypersensitivity reaction with biopsy-proven vasculitis, approximately 10 months into his treatment. This resolved after azathioprine discontinuation and has not recurred to date after subsequent administration of 6-mercaptopurine.

Direct Aroylation of Olefins through a Cobalt/Photoredox-Catalyzed Decarboxylative and Dehydrogenative Coupling with α-Oxo Acids.

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Jon Tunge at the University of Kansas. The image depicts the direct cross-coupling of α-oxo acids and styrenes through the release of CO and H gas in a metallaphotoredox process. Read the full text of the article at 10.

Syndromes associated with Robin sequence: a national prospective cohort study.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of syndromic Robin sequence (RS) in the UK and if this group of patients had an increased need for airway and feeding management compared with a non-syndromic RS cohort.

Design: A prospective national multicentre study of cases submitted to the Cleft Collective cohort studies.

Setting: Specialist cleft services in the UK.

Direct Aroylation of Olefins through a Cobalt/Photoredox-Catalyzed Decarboxylative and Dehydrogenative Coupling with α-Oxo Acids.

A photoredox/cobalt dual catalytic procedure has been developed that allows benzoylation of olefins. Here the photoredox catalyst effects the decarboxylation of α-ketoacids to form benzoyl radicals. After addition of this radical to styrenes, the cobalt catalyst abstracts a H-atom.

Current Surgical Practice for Children Born with a Cleft lip and/or Palate in the United Kingdom.

Objective: This study describes primary surgical reconstructions performed for children born with a cleft lip and/or palate (CL ± P) in the United Kingdom (UK).

Design: Data forms completed at the time of surgery included details on timing, technique, and adjuncts used during the operative period. Demographic data on participants were validated via parental questionnaires.

Large-scale migration into Britain during the Middle to Late Bronze Age.

Present-day people from England and Wales have more ancestry derived from early European farmers (EEF) than did people of the Early Bronze Age. To understand this, here we generated genome-wide data from 793 individuals, increasing data from the Middle to the Late Bronze Age and Iron Age in Britain by 12-fold, and western and central Europe by 3.5-fold.

Advancing mathematics by guiding human intuition with AI.

The practice of mathematics involves discovering patterns and using these to formulate and prove conjectures, resulting in theorems. Since the 1960s, mathematicians have used computers to assist in the discovery of patterns and formulation of conjectures, most famously in the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture, a Millennium Prize Problem. Here we provide examples of new fundamental results in pure mathematics that have been discovered with the assistance of machine learning-demonstrating a method by which machine learning can aid mathematicians in discovering new conjectures and theorems.

An Economical and Versatile High-Throughput Protein Purification System Using a Multi-Column Plate Adapter.

Protein purification is imperative to the study of protein structure and function and is usually used in combination with biophysical techniques. It is also a key component in the development of new therapeutics. The evolving era of functional proteomics is fueling the demand for high-throughput protein purification and improved techniques to facilitate this.

Exploring the Relationship Between Palatal Cleft Type and Width With the Use of Relieving Incisions in Primary Repair.

Objective: The mainstay of palatal repair in the United Kingdom is the intravelar veloplasty (IVVP). It is not always possible to align the oral mucosa in the midline to achieve tension-free repair. The addition of lateral relieving incisions may aid transposition of the oral mucosa to allow closure.

A History of the Frenchay Hospital Plastic Surgery Unit, Bristol, United Kingdom.

Frenchay Hospital has long since been established as the center for plastic surgery in Bristol, providing care to the city and its surrounding catchment area. From humble origins in the Second World War when the site took on the role of a large military hospital providing reconstructive surgery for the victims of war to a busy modern-day National Health Service establishment, the plastic surgery unit at Frenchay Hospital has grown and developed through in parallel with the genesis and development of the specialty. Recent centralization of care in Bristol has seen a massive reorganization of services, and with it the closure of Frenchay Hospital.

Linear Integration of ERK Activity Predominates over Persistence Detection in Fra-1 Regulation.

ERK signaling regulates the expression of target genes, but it is unclear how ERK activity dynamics are interpreted. Here, we investigate this question using simultaneous, live, single-cell imaging of two ERK activity reporters and expression of Fra-1, a target gene controlling epithelial cell identity. We find that Fra-1 is expressed in proportion to the amplitude and duration of ERK activity.

Automatic detection of MLC relative position errors for VMAT using the EPID-based picket fence test.

Multi-leaf collimators (MLCs) ensure the accurate delivery of treatments requiring complex beam fluences like intensity modulated radiotherapy and volumetric modulated arc therapy. The purpose of this work is to automate the detection of MLC relative position errors  ⩾0.5 mm using electronic portal imaging device-based picket fence tests and compare the results to the qualitative assessment currently in use.

A Model of Drosophila Larva Chemotaxis.

Detailed observations of larval Drosophila chemotaxis have characterised the relationship between the odour gradient and the runs, head casts and turns made by the animal. We use a computational model to test whether hypothesised sensorimotor control mechanisms are sufficient to account for larval behaviour. The model combines three mechanisms based on simple transformations of the recent history of odour intensity at the head location.

The superficial outside-flap shunt (SOS) technique for free deep inferior epigastric perforator flap salvage.

A common cause for loss of a deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap is venous congestion secondary to inadequate outflow via the deep perforating vessels. Further anastomosis of the superficial venous system provides effective outflow and salvage of the congested DIEP. Multiple methods have been described requiring dissection of additional recipient venous systems or around the perforating vessels in order to provide a vein onto which the superficial system may be anastomosed.

Analysis of stereotactic accuracy of the cosman-robert-wells frame and nexframe frameless systems in deep brain stimulation surgery.

Introduction: The primary goal of stereotactic systems in deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery is accurate delivery of a DBS lead to a target identified on imaging. Thus, it is critical to understand the accuracy of the stereotactic systems and the factors which may be associated with a decrease in accuracy.

Methods: Ninety patients underwent microelectrode recording-guided placement of 139 DBS leads by a single surgeon using the Cosman-Roberts-Wells (CRW) frame (n = 70) or a frameless skull-mounted trajectory guide (Nexframe; n = 69).

Forced activation of Wnt signaling alters morphogenesis and sensory organ identity in the chicken inner ear.

Components of the Wnt signaling pathway are expressed in the developing inner ear. To explore their role in ear patterning, we used retroviral gene transfer to force the expression of an activated form of beta-catenin that should constitutively activate targets of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. At embryonic day 9 (E9) and beyond, morphological defects were apparent in the otic capsule and the membranous labyrinth, including ectopic and fused sensory patches.