Observations on the brain vasculature in multiple sclerosis: A historical perspective.

Objectives: To review the literature on vascular aspects of multiple sclerosis (MS) specifically pathological observations of the perivenular distribution of MS lesions and venous pathology in MS.

Methods: Comprehensive literature search from 2012 back to 1839.

Results: One hundred and thirty two papers from 1839 to 2012 were included in this study.

Self-management in neurological disorders: systematic review of the literature and potential interventions in multiple sclerosis care.

Our objective was to review the current body of evidence supporting the efficacy of self-management programs in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) and other chronic neurological conditions. We reviewed published literature using standardized search terms; examined self-management interventions in a variety of chronic neurological disorders, including MS; and classified studies using the evidence classification established by the American Academy of Neurology. We reviewed 527 abstracts, of which 39 met our inclusion criteria for evaluation.

Management of acute exacerbations in multiple sclerosis.

A key component of multiple sclerosis is the occurrence of episodes of clinical worsening with either new symptoms or an increase in older symptoms over a few days or weeks. These are known as exacerbations of multiple sclerosis. In this review, we summarize the pathophysiology and treatment of exacerbations and describe how they are related to the overall management of this disease.