Slab-off prism for symptomatic, vertical heterophoria in the reading position.

Purpose: To describe uncommon techniques that induce compensatory strabismus utilizing slab-off spectacle prism to treat symptomatic incomitant vertical strabismus in adults with diplopia in the reading position only.

Methods: The medical records of consecutive patients having a chief complaint of diplopia in the reading position that was treated with slab-off prism correction were reviewed retrospectively. Success of the slab-off spectacle prism correction was determined at the follow-up visit or by phone call for any patients who did not return for a follow-up examination.

Comparison of simultaneous prism and cover test (SPCT) and prism and alternate cover test (PACT) measurements with final power of Press-On prism power dispensed.

Purpose: To investigate the association of strabismic angle obtained by simultaneous prism and cover test (SPCT) and prism alternate cover test (PACT) with the final power of Press-On prism used in adults with symptomatic strabismus.

Methods: The medical records of consecutive patients seen by a single orthoptist at an urban, tertiary care hospital over a 36-month period were reviewed retrospectively. All subjects had been prescribed Press-On prism for diplopia after evaluation with SPCT and PACT measurements at distance fixation.

Non-Surgical Treatment of Symptomatic, Oblique Strabismus: A Simplified Approach.

Determining the correct power and orientation of prism to be prescribed for patients with symptomatic, oblique-angle strabismus can be challenging and confusing, prone more to clinician gestalt than science or methodology. The author shares a simplified, approach not previously described in the scientific literature that utilizes commercially available equipment and freely available on-line prism calculators for choosing the correct Press-On™ prism power, positioning the prism correctly on the spectacle lens, and ultimately determining the correct prism prescription to be incorporated into the patient's spectacles.

A Survey to Identify Screen Test Usage by Certified Orthoptists Across the United States of America.

Purpose: To ascertain the use of screen tests for assessing strabismus under binocular viewing conditions by certified orthoptist colleagues around the United States of America.

Methods: A link to an online survey was distributed to all 440 registered members of the American Association of Certified Orthoptists in early 2022. A total of 135 certified orthoptists responded.

Clinical Characteristics of Acquired Diplopia in Adults.

Purpose: To describe the common causes of symptomatic strabismus and treatment required to resolve diplopia in adult patients seen by one orthoptist.

Patients And Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study of consecutive adult patients 18 years or older seen by one orthoptist over a 3-year period with a chief complaint of double vision.

Results: Two hundred twenty-four consecutive adult patients were examined by the author.

Remote Pediatric Ophthalmology and Adult Strabismus during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: The coronavirus (COVID-19) global pandemic has been a poignant reminder of the value of telehealth services to deliver care, especially as a means of reducing the risk of infectious disease transmission caused by close personal contact, decreasing unnecessary travel for medical consultations, and limiting the number of individuals in waiting rooms. The role of telehealth in ophthalmology has historically been limited to store-and-forwarding of images, much like what is used in radiology.

Patients And Methods: Remote evaluation using two-way audio-video communications over the initial 10-week period of clinic shutdowns.

A Randomized Clinical Trial of Immediate versus Delayed Glasses for Moderate Hyperopia in 1- and 2-Year-Olds.

Purpose: Two strategies were compared for managing moderate hyperopia without manifest strabismus among 1- and 2-year-old children: (1) immediate prescription of glasses versus (2) observation without glasses unless reduced distance visual acuity (VA), reduced stereoacuity, or manifest strabismus.

Design: Prospective randomized clinical trial.

Participants: A total of 130 children aged 1 to 2 years with hyperopia between +3.

Sensorimotor Characteristics of Neuro-Ophthalmology and Oculo-Plastics Patients.

Background And Purpose: Certified orthoptists are routinely required, as a standard component of outpatient care, to examine and identify the cause of double vision described by neuro-ophthalmology and oculo-plastics patients. Peer-reviewed articles in the strabismus literature describing the significance of this role of the orthoptists, especially in more complex cases of strabismus, do exist, but are outdated. The importance of creating a differential diagnosis in the understanding of the disease process is a well-recognized component of medical education and modern medicine.

DVD--a conceptual, clinical, and surgical overview.

Dissociated vertical deviation (DVD) is a slow, disconjugate hypertropic deviation of a nonfixating eye. It is usually bilateral, asymmetrical, and often associated with congenital esotropia. The deviating eye elevates, abducts, and excyclotorts.

Distance versus near visual acuity in amblyopia.

Purpose: There are conflicting reports about whether distance and near visual acuity are similar in eyes with amblyopia. The purpose of this study is to compare monocular distance visual acuity with near visual acuity in amblyopic eyes of children.

Methods: Subjects 2 to 6 years of age were evaluated in a randomized trial of amblyopia therapy for moderate amblyopia (20/40 to 20/80) due to anisometropia, strabismus, or both.

Silent sinus syndrome causing cyclovertical diplopia masquerading as superior oblique paresis in the fellow eye.

Silent sinus syndrome is an insidious maxillary sinus inflammatory disease causing a lowering, thinning, or even absorption of the orbital floor. Patients usually present with progressive enophthalmos and hypoglobus. We report a 41-year-old man with silent sinus syndrome who presented with cyclovertical diplopia masquerading as superior oblique muscle paresis in the fellow eye.

The lancaster red-green test.

Walter Brackett Lancaster introduced his red-green test in 1939. He felt that any good test of heterophoria should assess the fixation of each eye, simultaneously, without the corrupting influence of a fusion stimulus. His basic concept was to utilize the strength of the cover test-namely, accuracy in measuring ocular deviations-while at the same time devising a way to "measure quickly and accurately the position of the covered eye when the other eye is fixating" in the diagnostic positions of gaze.