Management of Splenic Vascular Anomalies: A Review of 17 Pediatric Cases at a Single Institution.

Background: Splenic Vascular Anomalies (SVA) are rare splenic masses seen in the pediatric population. There is limited information regarding the management and appropriate follow-up for these patients. The aim of this study was to review our experience and create an algorithm to help guide clinical care.

Endovascular management of acute portal vein thrombosis in pediatric liver transplant recipients less than 20 kg.

Background: Pediatric recipients of orthotopic liver transplants are at risk for post-transplant complications, particularly acute portal vein thrombosis, which jeopardizes patient survival and graft function. The incidence and impact of portal vein thrombosis are more severe in children compared to adults, with those under 5 most vulnerable to thrombotic events.

Objective: This study aims to report our institutional experience with endovascular interventions for treating portal vein thrombosis in 11 pediatric liver transplant recipients who presented within 30-days post-transplant.

Imaging of Vascular Anomalies.

Vascular anomalies (VAs) are a heterogeneous group of vascular malformations and tumors that are frequently encountered in daily practice. While most are benign, malignant vascular tumors exist, as do other nonvascular soft-tissue malignancies that may masquerade as a benign VA. The subtleties of arriving at an accurate diagnosis can be intimidating, as new entities are described and names of conditions have been modified.

Selective iliofemoral stent placement for complex pediatric cases: a decade of institutional experience.

Background: Pediatric iliofemoral venous thromboembolism that is resistant to conventional treatments poses significant management challenges. Stent placement represents a potentially underutilized strategy in children when stenosis or thrombosis persists intraprocedurally or recurs postoperatively, despite treatments such as venoplasty, lysis, and thrombectomy.

Objective: This study aims to report our institutional experience with iliofemoral stenting in 17 pediatric patients with recurrent iliofemoral venous thromboembolism or stenosis.

Ureteral stricture after pediatric kidney transplantation: Is there a role for percutaneous antegrade ureteroplasty?

Introduction: Ureteral obstruction following pediatric kidney transplantation occurs in 5-8% of cases. We describe our experience with percutaneous antegrade ureteroplasty for the treatment of ureteral stricture in pediatric kidney transplant patients.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all pediatric kidney transplantation patients who presented with ureteral stricture and underwent percutaneous antegrade ureteroplasty at our institution from July 2009 to July 2021.

Vascular Anomaly Syndromes in the ISSVA Classification System: Imaging Findings and Role of Interventional Radiology in Management.

Vascular anomalies encompass a spectrum of tumors and malformations that can cause significant morbidity and mortality in children and adults. Use of the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA) classification system is strongly recommended for consistency. Vascular anomalies can occur in isolation or in association with clinical syndromes that involve complex multifocal lesions affecting different organ systems.

The impact of post-operative atrial fibrillation on outcomes in coronary artery bypass graft and combined procedures.

Background: Post-operative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a common yet understudied clinical issue after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) leading to higher mortality rates and stroke. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the rates of adverse outcomes between patients with and without POAF in patients treated with CABG or combined procedures.

Methods: The search period was from the beginning of PubMed and Embase to May 18, 2020 with no language restrictions.

Integration of Improvement and Implementation Science in Practice-Based Research Networks: a Longitudinal, Comparative Case Study.

Background: Implementation science (IS) and quality improvement (QI) inhabit distinct areas of scholarly literature, but are often blended in practice. Because practice-based research networks (PBRNs) draw from both traditions, their experience could inform opportunities for strategic IS-QI alignment.

Objective: To systematically examine IS, QI, and IS/QI projects conducted within a PBRN over time to identify similarities, differences, and synergies.

Backbone assignment of E. coli NfsB and the effects of addition of the cofactor analogue nicotinic acid.

E. coli nitroreductase NfsB (also called NfnB) has been studied extensively, largely due to its potential for cancer gene therapy. A homodimeric flavoprotein of 216 residues, it catalyses the reduction of nitroaromatics to cytotoxic hydroxylamines by NADH and NADPH and also the reduction of quinones to hydroxyquinones.

Early life sleep disruption alters glutamate and dendritic spines in prefrontal cortex and impairs cognitive flexibility in prairie voles.

Early life experiences are crucial for proper organization of excitatory synapses within the brain, with outsized effects on late-maturing, experience-dependent regions such as the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Previous work in our lab showed that early life sleep disruption (ELSD) from postnatal days 14-21 in the highly social prairie vole results in long lasting impairments in social behavior. Here, we further hypothesized that ELSD alters glutamatergic synapses in mPFC, thereby affecting cognitive flexibility, an mPFC-dependent behavior.

The utility and promise of Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA) in the pediatric population: An evidence-based review.

Hemorrhage is the main cause of preventable death in both military and civilian trauma, and many of these patients die from non-compressible torso injuries. Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is a minimally invasive method used for hemodynamic control of the hemorrhaging patient and has been compared to resuscitative thoracotomy (RT) with cross clamping of the aorta. REBOA has received a great deal of attention in recent years for its applicability and promise in adult trauma and non-trauma settings, but its utility in children is mostly unknown.

Cost Comparison of In-Suite Versus Portable Tunneled Femoral Central Line Placements in Children Using Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing.

Objective: Compare the cost of placing tunneled femoral central lines in the interventional radiology suite to portable bedside placement using time-driven activity-based costing.

Methods: Detailed process maps were created using information generated from interviews with frontline staff, direct shadowing of patient procedures (19 patients-8 in-suite, 11 portable; patient age 4 days to 37 months; 6 males, 13 females), and electronic medical record review (80 patients-44 in-suite, 36 portable; patient age 1 day to 20 months; 42 males, 38 females) who underwent a tunneled femoral central line placement at a tertiary care pediatric hospital from January 1, 2018, to June 30, 2018. Procedures were conducted in-suite using fluoroscopy guidance or portably at the patient's bedside using ultrasound.

Percutaneous Lung Biopsy in Immunocompromised Pediatric Patients.

Purpose: To determine the diagnostic yield and safety of image-guided lung biopsies in immunocompromised pediatric patients.

Materials And Methods: This was a retrospective pediatric cohort study conducted from June 2000 to April 2017. Subjects were 0-17 years of age (median, 10 years of age).

Recanalization of Chronic Portal Vein Occlusion in Pediatric Liver Transplant Patients.

Purpose: To evaluate technical and clinical success and report long-term outcomes of portal vein (PV) recanalization in pediatric orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) patients with chronic PV occlusion.

Materials And Methods: This is a retrospective review of 15 OLT patients (5 males) with chronic PV occlusion who underwent PV recanalization (33 procedures) between October 2011 and February 2018. Median age was 4.

Early-life sleep disruption increases parvalbumin in primary somatosensory cortex and impairs social bonding in prairie voles.

Across mammals, juveniles sleep more than adults, with rapid eye movement (REM) sleep at a lifetime maximum early in life. One function of REM sleep may be to facilitate brain development of complex behaviors. Here, we applied 1 week of early-life sleep disruption (ELSD) in prairie voles (), a highly social rodent species that forms lifelong pair bonds.

Do different sitting postures affect spinal biomechanics of asymptomatic individuals?

Background: Static sitting is thought to be related to low back pain. Of various common seated postures, slouched sitting has been suggested to cause viscoelastic creep. This, in turn, may compromise trunk muscle activity and proprioception, and heightening the risk of low back pain.

Ultrasound-guided cervical puncture for nusinersen administration in adolescents.

Background: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal-recessive disease affecting motor neurons and is the most common genetic cause of death in infants. Intrathecal nusinersen is the only therapy approved by the U.S.

Temporal Evolution and Management of Fast Flow Vascular Anomalies in PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome.

Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS) is characterized by formation of recurrent benign tumors described as PTEN hamartoma of soft tissue that may contain fast flow vascular anomalies (FFVA). The purpose of this study is to review the temporal evolution and management of FFVA in PHTS. A retrospective review of 22 patients (9 males), age 1 to 18 (median 9) years diagnosed with PHTS at a tertiary care pediatric hospital between October 2002 and August 2017 revealed 4 patients with FFVA.

Sleep Disturbances in Traumatic Brain Injury: Associations With Sensory Sensitivity.

Study Objectives: Sleep disturbances following traumatic brain injury (TBI) in Veterans are very common and often persist as chronic sequelae. In addition, sensory sensitivity, ie, discomfort upon exposure to light and noise, is common after TBI. However, the relationship between sleep disturbances and sensory sensitivity in Veterans following TBI has not yet been examined, yet both are established early markers of neurodegeneration.

Dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance lymphangiography: Categorization of imaging findings and correlation with patient management.

Objective: To review the technical aspects and categorize the imaging findings of dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance lymphangiography (DCMRL) and correlate the findings with patient management options.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review of patients who underwent DCMRL between June 2012 and August 2017 at a tertiary care paediatric hospital was performed. Twenty-five DCMRL studies were performed in 23 patients (9 males, 13 females, 1 ambiguous gender) with a median age of 4 years (range: 1 month-29 years).

Interpreting Poisson Regression Models in Dental Caries Studies.

Oral epidemiology involves studying and investigating the distribution and determinants of dental-related diseases in a specified population group to inform decisions in the management of health problems. In oral epidemiology studies, the hypothesis is typically followed by a cogent study design and data collection. Appropriate statistical analysis is essential to demonstrate the scientific association between the independent factors and the target variable.

Equivalent success and complication rates of tunneled common femoral venous catheter placed in the interventional suite vs. at patient bedside.

Background: Femoral tunneled central line placement in the pediatric population offers an alternative means for intravenous (IV) access, but there is concern for higher complication and infection rates when placed at bedside.

Objective: To describe the complications and infection outcomes of primary femoral tunneled central venous catheter placement in the interventional radiology suite compared to the portable bedside location at a single tertiary pediatric institution.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a retrospective review comparing interventional radiology suites vs.

Pentraxin-3 as a marker of sepsis severity and predictor of mortality outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: Pentraxin-3 (PTX-3) is a multi-functional pattern recognition molecule produced by various cell types of peripheral tissues in different infections. It is raised in sepsis, but its values in predicting disease severity or mortality outcomes have been controversial. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of these associations.