Development of an Artificial Intelligence-Based Image Recognition System for Time-Sequence Analysis of Tracheal Intubation.

Background: Total intubation time (TIT) is an objective indicator of tracheal intubation (TI) difficulties. However, large variations in TIT because of diverse initial and end targets make it difficult to compare studies. A video laryngoscope (VLS) can capture images during the TI process.

Direct Electrochemical Signaling in Organic Electrochemical Transistors Comprising High-Conductivity Double-Network Hydrogels.

In composite hydrogels, the high electrical performance of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) complexed with poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is integrated with complementary structural and electrochemical functions via a rationally designed poly(acrylamide) second network incorporating phenylboronic acid (PBA). Free-standing double-network hydrogels prepared by a simple one-pot radical polymerization exhibit state-of-the-art electrical conductivity (∼20 S cm in phosphate buffered saline) while retaining a degree of hydration similar to that of biological soft tissues. Low resistance contacts to Au electrodes are formed via facile thermo-mechanical annealing and demonstrate stability over a month of continuous immersion, thus enabling hydrogels to serve as channels of organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs).

Nonlinear Chemical Sensitivity Enhancement of Nanowires in the Ultralow Concentration Regime.

Much recent attention has been focused on the development of field-effect transistors based on low-dimensional nanostructures for the detection and manipulation of molecules. Because of their extraordinarily high charge sensitivity, InAs nanowires present an excellent material system in which to probe and study the behavior of molecules on their surfaces and elucidate the underlying mechanisms dictating the sensor response. So far, chemical sensors have relied on slow, activated processes restricting their applicability to high temperatures and macroscopic adsorbate coverages.

Biocompatible and Na-sensitive thin-film transistor for biological fluid sensing.

In this study, we develop a Na-sensitive thin-film transistor (TFT) for a biocompatible ion sensor and investigate its cytotoxicity. A transparent amorphous oxide semiconductor composed of amorphous In-Ga-Zn-oxide (a-InGaZnO) is utilized as a channel of the Na-sensitive TFT, which includes an indium tin oxide (ITO) film as the source and drain electrodes and a TaO thin-film gate, onto which a Na-sensitive membrane is coated. As one of the Na-sensitive membranes, the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane with bis(12-crown-4) as the ionophore used on the TFT sensors shows good sensitivity and selectivity to changes in Na concentration but has high cytotoxicity owing to the leaching of its plasticizer to the solution; the plasticizer is added to solve and entrap the ionophore in the PVC membrane.

Sensing Responses Based on Transfer Characteristics of InAs Nanowire Field-Effect Transistors.

Nanowire-based field-effect transistors (FETs) have demonstrated considerable promise for a new generation of chemical and biological sensors. Indium arsenide (InAs), by virtue of its high electron mobility and intrinsic surface accumulation layer of electrons, holds properties beneficial for creating high performance sensors that can be used in applications such as point-of-care testing for patients diagnosed with chronic diseases. Here, we propose devices based on a parallel configuration of InAs nanowires and investigate sensor responses from measurements of conductance over time and FET characteristics.