Among- and within-population variation in germination response shapes ecological resilience in the Mediterranean cliff species Brassica incana Ten.

Background And Aims: Understanding how plant species respond to extreme conditions is crucial for predicting their ecological resilience under climate change. Here, we aim to forecast the ecological resilience of the Mediterranean cliff species Brassica incana (Brassicaceae) by estimating population variation in germination response under novel extreme environmental conditions.

Methods: We investigated the thermal germination responses in 14 populations of B.