Ultrafast Sintered Composite Cathode Incorporating a Negative Thermal Expansion Material for High-Performance Protonic Ceramic Fuel Cells.

Protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs) offer a promising, clean, and efficient energy conversion solution. However, thermal mismatch between cathodes and electrolytes remains a critical obstacle, leading to interfacial damage such as cracking and delamination. Incorporating negative thermal expansion (NTE) materials into the cathode can mitigate this issue.