The effects of ostracism on preschoolers' over-imitation behaviors.

Over-imitation represents an early developing behavior implicated in the emergence of learning, affective, and social competences. Adult over-imitation is heavily affected by contextual variables such as social ostracism, the experience of being ignored by others in a social context, an experience that threatens several psychological needs, inducing the urge to reaffiliate with a social group to restore the original state of well-being. Yet, the impact of social ostracism on over-imitation in children remains unclear.

Immune dysregulation in Kabuki syndrome: a case report of Evans syndrome and hypogammaglobulinemia.

Kabuki syndrome (KS) is a rare multisystemic disease due to mutations in the or genes, which act as epigenetic modulators of different processes, including immune response. The syndrome is characterized by anomalies in multiple organ systems, and it is associated with autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, and an underlying immunological phenotype characterized by immunodeficiency and immune dysregulation. Up to 17% of KS patients present with immune thrombocytopenia characterized by a severe, chronic or relapsing course, and often associated to other hematological autoimmune diseases including autoimmune hemolytic anemia, eventually resulting in Evans syndrome (ES).

Point-of-Care Thoracic Ultrasound in Children: New Advances in Pediatric Emergency Setting.

Point-of-care thoracic ultrasound at the patient's bedside has increased significantly recently, especially in pediatric settings. Its low cost, rapidity, simplicity, and repeatability make it a practical examination to guide diagnosis and treatment choices, especially in pediatric emergency departments. The fields of application of this innovative imaging method are many and include primarily the study of lungs but also that of the heart, diaphragm, and vessels.

Emergency Department Admissions of Children with Chest Pain before and during COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objectives: We compared the number of accesses, causes, and instrumental evaluations of chest pain in children between the pre-COVID-19 era and the COVID-19 period and analyzed the assessment performed in children with chest pain, highlighting unnecessary examinations.

Methods: We enrolled children with chest pain admitted to our emergency department between January 2019 and May 2021. We collected demographic and clinical characteristics and findings on physical examinations, laboratory tests, and diagnostic evaluations.

Smell and Taste in Children with Covid-19.

Objectives: To assess the frequency of loss of smell and taste in children during Covid-19 infection and their prevalence along with other symptoms, as well as the recovery of chemosensory function once healed.

Methods: To evaluate symptoms during infection, we adapted the Scandinavian adaptation of the Multi-Clinic Smell and Taste Questionnaire and the modified Monel-Jefferson questionnaire. For smell analysis we used Odor Identification (OI) and two variants of the Odor Discrimination (OD) test, and we compared the results with those of a control group.

Assessment of Cardio-Respiratory Function in Overweight and Obese Children Wearing Face Masks during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objective: To evaluate whether the use of a surgical and N95 mask for overweight and obese children was associated with respiratory distress.

Methods: We enrolled 15 healthy and 14 overweight or obese children. We performed two sessions: one wearing a surgical, the other an N95 mask.

Adenomesenteritis following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Children: A Case Report and Review of The Literature.

At present, the vaccine authorized in children aged 5 years and older is the BNT162b2 messenger RNA COVID-19 vaccine. Unlike adults, there is limited data available in the pediatric age describing adverse events after vaccine. We report a case of adenomesenteritis in a young girl following the first dose of vaccine.

Evaluation of Renal Function and Scars in Children With Primary Vesicoureteral Reflux.

Objective: To evaluate growth, glomerular and tubular function, renal damage, scars in children affected by primary VUR.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the clinical records of our Unit from January 2006 to September 2020. For each patient we evaluated growth, laboratoristic and scintigraphic glomerular and tubular function, renal damage and collective system urodynamics at baseline and at the last visit.

Clinical picture and long-term symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection in an Italian pediatric population.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 infection in the pediatric age group has a milder course than in adults, but in some cases even children may present with severe forms or develop long-term consequences. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical features, long-term effects, lifestyle changes and psychological effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a pediatric sample of the Italian population.

Methods: We conducted a telephone survey among 3075 children infected with SARS-CoV-2 in the Latina Local Health Authority.

Assessment of respiratory function in children wearing a N95 mask with or without an exhalation valve: Data compared.

In response to the current COVID-19 pandemic, universal face masking represents one of the most important strategies to limit the spread of infection. However, their use in children is still highly debated (Esposito and Principi, 2020; Esposito et al., 2020) and there are few data (Lubrano et al.

Effects of N95 Mask Use on Pulmonary Function in Children.

Objective: To assess whether use of an N95 mask by children is associated with episodes of desaturation or respiratory distress.

Study Design: Twenty-two healthy children were assigned at random to 1 of 2 groups: one group wearing N95 masks without an exhalation valve and the other group wearing N95 masks with an exhalation valve. We tracked changes in partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide (P), oxygen saturation, pulse rate, and respiratory rate over 72 minutes of mask use.

Serum IgG levels in children 6 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection and comparison with adults.

Since the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 among the population has occurred quite recently, there is a lack of evidence on the long-term duration of antibody response, especially in children. It is therefore crucial to clarify this aspect, considering its implications in the development of successful surveillance strategies, therapies, and vaccinations. The aim of this study was to assess the antibody response in a children group after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and to compare it with that of their parents affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Characteristics and risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 in children tested in the early phase of the pandemic: a cross-sectional study, Italy, 23 February to 24 May 2020.

BackgroundVery few studies describe factors associated with COVID-19 diagnosis in children.AimWe here describe characteristics and risk factors for COVID-19 diagnosis in children tested in 20 paediatric centres across Italy.MethodsWe included cases aged 0-18 years tested between 23 February and 24 May 2020.

Assessment of Respiratory Function in Infants and Young Children Wearing Face Masks During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Importance: Face masks have been associated with effective prevention of diffusion of viruses via droplets. However, the use of face masks among children, especially those aged younger than 3 years, is debated, and the US Centers for Disease Control and American Academy of Physicians recommend the use of face mask only among individuals aged 3 years or older.

Objective: To examine whether the use of surgical facial masks among children is associated with episodes of oxygen desaturation or respiratory distress.

The comprehensive clinic, laboratory, and instrumental evaluation of children with COVID-19: A 6-months prospective study.

Objectives: To perform a comprehensive clinic, laboratory, and instrumental evaluation of children affected by coronavirus disease (COVID-19).

Methods: Children with a positive result of nasopharyngeal swab for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) underwent laboratory tests, anal and conjunctival swab, electrocardiography, lung, abdomen, and cardiac ultrasound. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was performed if abnormal basal blood pressure.

Oral Food Challenge.

Oral food challenge (OFC) is the gold standard for diagnosis of IgE-mediated and non-IgE mediated food allergy. It is usually conducted to make diagnosis, to monitor for resolution of a food allergy, or to identify the threshold of responsiveness. Clinical history and lab tests have poor diagnostic accuracy and they are not sufficient to make a strict diagnosis of food allergy.