Fear of hypoglycemia in parents of children with type 1 diabetes trained for intranasal glucagon use.

Objective: To investigate fear of hypoglycemia (FoH) in parents of children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) before and after undergoing training to learn intranasal (IN) glucagon administration.

Method: In this pre-test/post-test uncontrolled study 364 caregivers of patients with T1D (6-18 years) completed questionnaires measuring sociodemographic characteristics, diabetes-related factors (e.g.

Device-Related Skin Reactions Increase Emotional Burden in Youths With Type 1 Diabetes and Their Parents.

Background: Skin reactions due to technological devices pose a significant concern in the management of type 1 diabetes (T1D). This multicentric, comparative cross-sectional study aimed to assess the psychological impact of device-related skin issues on youths with T1D and their parents.

Methods: Participants with skin reactions were matched in a 1:1 ratio with a control group.

The Pathogenic Diagnosis in Pediatric Diabetology: Next Generation Sequencing and Precision Therapy.

In pediatric diabetology, a precise diagnosis is very important because it allows early and correct clinical management of the patient. Monogenic diabetes (MD), which accounts for 1-6% of all pediatric-adolescent diabetes cases, is the most relevant example of precision medicine. The definitive diagnosis of MD, possible only by genetic testing, allows us to direct patients to more appropriate therapy in relation to the identified mutation.

Euthyroid sick syndrome and its association with complications of type 1 diabetes mellitus onset.

Objective: To evaluate (i) the prevalence and association of euthyroid sick syndrome (ESS) [decreased FT3 and/or FT4 and normal/decreased TSH] with severity indexes of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) onset such as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and kidney damage [acute kidney injury (AKI) based on KDIGO criteria, acute tubular necrosis (ATN), renal tubular damage (RTD)], (ii) relationship between clinical/metabolic parameters at T1DM onset and thyroid hormones, and (iii) ESS as a prognostic indicator of delayed recovery from kidney damage.

Methods: A total of 161 children with T1DM onset were included. RTD was defined by abnormal urinary beta-2-microglobulin and/or neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and/or tubular reabsorption of phosphate <85% and/or fractional excretion of Na>2%.

Lifestyle and physical fitness in adolescents with type 1 diabetes and obesity.

Background: The association between Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) and obesity (Ob) is no longer unexpected due to unhealthy lifestyle mostly in adolescents. We compared clinical-biochemical characteristics, adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD), lifestyle habits and physical fitness across different weight categories of T1DM adolescents from Campania Region. As second aim, we assessed the relationship among lifestyle and physical fitness in these patients.

Adolescents with type 1 diabetes vs. hybrid closed loop systems: a case series of patients' behaviour that challenges the algorithm.

Objectives: Hybrid closed loop systems (HCL) improve the management of type 1 diabetes (T1DM). T1DM adolescent patients represent a risk category also if they are in an automated insulin infusion delivery therapy.

Case Presentation: We describe a series of four cases in which adolescent patients have adopted incorrect behaviours in the managing of HCL systems, challenging the algorithm skills.

Very low birth weight newborn with diabetes mellitus due to pancreas agenesis managed with insulin pump reservoir filled with undiluted insulin: 16-month follow-up.

Background: When very low doses of insulin are used insulin dilution, a procedure prone to errors, is recommended.

Case Presentation: We managed a neonate with pancreas agenesis with insulin pump therapy from the first days of life to 16 months of age without insulin dilution. Predictive low glucose suspend mode first and then closed loop control were used.

The Silent Epidemic of Diabetic Ketoacidosis at Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents in Italy During the COVID-19 Pandemic in 2020.

Aim/hypothesis: To compare the frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in Italy during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 with the frequency of DKA during 2017-2019.

Methods: Forty-seven pediatric diabetes centers caring for >90% of young people with diabetes in Italy recruited 4,237 newly diagnosed children with type 1 diabetes between 2017 and 2020 in a longitudinal study. Four subperiods in 2020 were defined based on government-imposed containment measures for COVID-19, and the frequencies of DKA and severe DKA compared with the same periods in 2017-2019.

Eating Problems in Youths with Type 1 Diabetes During and After Lockdown in Italy: An 8-Month Follow-Up Study.

Eighty-five youths with T1D and 176 controls aged 8-19 years were asked to complete online questionnaires (ChEAT and EAT-26) measuring disordered eating behaviors (DEBs) during (baseline) and after (8-month follow-up) the lockdown. DEB symptoms in all participants (especially younger than 13 years), glycemic control, and zBMI were found unchanged from baseline to follow-up (all p > .05).

Metabolic Treatment of Wolfram Syndrome.

Wolfram Syndrome (WS) is a very rare genetic disorder characterized by several symptoms that occur from childhood to adulthood. Usually, the first clinical sign is non-autoimmune diabetes even if other clinical features (optic subatrophy, neurosensorial deafness, diabetes insipidus) may be present in an early state and may be diagnosed after diabetes' onset. Prognosis is poor, and the death occurs at the median age of 39 years as a consequence of progressive respiratory impairment, secondary to brain atrophy and neurological failure.

Doctor-Patient Relationship in Synchronous/Real-time Video-Consultations and In-Person Visits: An Investigation of the Perceptions of Young People with Type 1 Diabetes and Their Parents During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: Given that the widely acknowledged influence of the doctor-patient relationship on objective health parameters and treatment adherence in chronic illnesses, this study sought to explore how patients perceived the patient-doctor relationship across virtual and in-person contexts.

Methods: Parents' and patients' perceptions of doctor-patient relationship were evaluated in 610 children and adolescents (12.17 ± 4.

Differences between transient neonatal diabetes mellitus subtypes can guide diagnosis and therapy.

Objective: Transient neonatal diabetes mellitus (TNDM) is caused by activating mutations in ABCC8 and KCNJ11 genes (KATP/TNDM) or by chromosome 6q24 abnormalities (6q24/TNDM). We wanted to assess whether these different genetic aetiologies result in distinct clinical features.

Design: Retrospective analysis of the Italian data set of patients with TNDM.

Acute Kidney Injury and Renal Tubular Damage in Children With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Onset.

Context: Acute kidney injury (AKI) and renal tubular damage (RTD), especially if complicated by acute tubular necrosis (ATN), could increase the risk of later chronic kidney disease. No prospective studies on AKI and RTD in children with type1diabetes mellitus (T1DM) onset are available.

Objectives: To evaluate the AKI and RTD prevalence and their rate and timing of recovery in children with T1DM onset.

Disordered eating behaviors in youths with type 1 diabetes during COVID-19 lockdown: an exploratory study.

Background: Recent research indicates that patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are at higher risk for disordered eating behaviors (DEBs) than their peers without diabetes. The present study aimed to explore the prevalence of DEBs in a sample of Italian children and adolescents with T1D and in matched-pair healthy controls during the COVID-19 lockdown.

Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 138 children and adolescents with T1D (aged 8.

Congenital diabetes mellitus.

Congenital diabetes mellitus is a rare disorder characterized by hyperglycemia that occurs shortly after birth. We define "Diabetes of Infancy" if hyperglycemia onset before 6 months of life. From the clinical point of view, we distinguish two main types of diabetes of infancy: transient (TNDM), which remits spontaneously, and permanent (PNDM), which requires lifelong treatment.

The Association of Autoimmune Diseases with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Children Depends Also by the Length of Partial Clinical Remission Phase (Honeymoon).

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by irreversible, autoimmune, pancreatic -cell destruction. During the disease, some patients experience a phase of Partial Clinical Remission (PCR) known as "." This is a transitory period that is characterized by insulin production by residual cells following DM diagnosis and initiating the insulin therapy.

Disordered Eating Behaviors Among Italian Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes: Exploring Relationships with Parents' Eating Disorder Symptoms, Externalizing and Internalizing Behaviors, and Body Image Problems.

The purpose of this study is to examine associations of disordered eating behaviors (DEBs) with body image problems, parents' eating disorder symptoms, and emotional and behavioral problems among adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). 200 adolescents (M age = 15.24 ± 1.

Demystifying the Pizza Bolus: The Effect of Dough Fermentation on Glycemic Response-A Sensor-Augmented Pump Intervention Trial in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

Glycemia following pizza consumption is typically managed with a dual-wave insulin bolus. This study evaluated the effect of a simple bolus on glycemia following consumption of traditionally prepared pizzas with long (24 h) or short (8 h) dough fermentation periods. On two separate evenings, children with type 1 diabetes ( = 38) receiving sensor-integrated pump therapy consumed traditionally prepared pizza with either short (pizza A) or long (pizza B) dough fermentation, and blood glucose was monitored over 11 h.